COMPUTE
GOING UP!
PLUS!
a
64/128 VIEW
You know something, Igor?
| think there may be
life in this thing after all.
Tom Netsel
here's a great scene in
the movie Frankenstein
when things look bleak
for Dr. Frankenstein. He
and his assistant, Igor, have
done their best to create life
in the laboratory, but the ex-
periment appears to have
failed. The electrical storm
has blown itself out, the gen-
erators are quiet, and the
traveling arcs of electricity
have ceased to crackle and
spark. The creature lies still
on the table. The doctor
slumps in despair.
But wait! There's move-
ment on the table. A hand
twitches and starts to move.
The doctor rushes forward
with his stethoscope and lis-
tens for a heartbeat. It's
there! His creature lives!
“It's alive!” Dr. Frankenstein
cries ecstatically. “It’s alive!”
That movie scene flashed
through my mind recently as
| examined a new disk pub-
lication called Cee-64 Alive!
Jack Vander White and Ste-
ven Baxter started the enter-
prise about a year ago, and
now it's up and running and
producing disks for the 64.
| suppose the Cee-64
Alive! name reminded me of
that movie, but the name al-
so indicates that there's still
8-bit life after IBM. If you're
like me, you've had enough
of this doom and gloom and
moaning and = groaning
about the alleged death of
the 64. Well, its CPU is still
beating. The ‘monster’
lives, so let's get on with the
movie! We've got a lot of
computing to do before the
peasants burn the mill in the
final reel.
Vander White and Baxter
believe that, too. Last year
they released a demo and
five disks of programs and
computer art. Later, Gaelyne
Moranec joined the team as
disk editor. This year they've
issued another double-sided
demo disk and expect to re-
lease more programs, arti-
cles, and graphics for the 64
and 128. “Our plans for 1993
include six issues of Cee-64
Alive!," Moranec says, “and
as yet an undetermined num-
ber of supplementary Cee-
128 Alive! issues.”
In addition to original pro-
grams, the staff plans to in-
clude programs from the
past that still have appeal.
“In the areas of shareware
and public domain alone it
would take one person a life-
time to sift through the pro-
grams available, and then
there are thousands of com-
mercial programs to consid-
er,” Moranec says. The staff
already has enough material
to fill several volumes, but
Vander White still encourag-
es program submissions.
“Cee-64 Alive! has sur-
vived its first year—a reces-
sion year, at that—by start-
ing out small and building
slowly," Moranec says.
“We're not packaged fanci-
ly, but we offer a wealth of
information and programs
for a very low cost.”
You can get a sample
disk for $3. The six disks is-
sued for 1993 in volume 2
cost $25, and discounts are
available for groups that or-
der five disks or more. The
five-disk set of volume 1 is
still available for $20.
Subscribers also can ac-
cess the Cee-64 Alive BBS.
It offers more than 26MB of
programs. The BBS number
is (916) 395-9733. To sub-
scribe, order a demo disk,
or request more information,
write to Jack Vander White,
P.O. Box 232115, Sacramen-
to, California 95823. a
GAZETTE
64/128 VIEW G-1
Check out Cee-64 Alive! This disk publication offers
programs and articles for the 64.
By Tom Netsel.
UPGRADING WITHOUT CHANGING PLATFORMS G-3
You don’t have to abandon your 64 just because you
want to upgrade your present computer system.
By John Elliott.
REVIEWS 6-8
Dr. Spellingstein, The Landmark Series, and Escape
Route.
FEEDBACK G-14
Questions, answers, and comments.
D’IVERSIONS G-16
Young artists and their multimedia illuminations wow
an IBM crowd in Atlanta.
By Fred D'Ignazio.
MACHINE LANGUAGE G-18
Touch a key and your screen changes immediately.
By Jim Butterfield.
PROGRAMMER’S PAGE G-20
Try these wild and exciting sound effects.
By Randy Thompson.
GEOS G-22
Get the most out of geoPublish, a powerful but
sometimes intimidating program.
By Steve Vander Ark.
BEGINNER BASIC G-24
Use your TOD clock to control the user port.
By Larry Cotton.
PROGRAMS
Minesweeper (64) G-25
TurboDOS (64) G-27
Instant Art (64) G-32
Number Base Calculator (64) G-35
Quickscreen (64) G-37
aed
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE
G1
PUMP UP
YOUR PRODUCTIVITY!
Harness the potential of your,
64 and 128 with these
powerful programs.
Get more work out of your 64 and 128
with these two new disk products from
COMPUTE's Gazette — the 1992
Best of Gazette Utilities, and
the Gazette Graphics Grab
Bag!
The 1992 Best of
Gazette Utilities
Seize control of your operating
system and your world!
Here's what's on it-MetaBASIC 64,
MetaBASIC 128, Quick, Sprint Il,
Ultrafont+, RAMDisk 64, RAMDisk 128,
BASSEM, SciCalc 64, List Formatter,
MegaSqueeze.
Extend Your Computer Power With This
The Gazette Graphics
Grab Bag
Do it all with Commodore
graphics!
Here's what's on it—
Starburst Graphics,
Screen Designer 128,
128 Graphics Compactor,
64 Animator, VDC Graphics,
Dissolve 128, Super Slideshow,
128 Animator, 1526 PrintScreen,
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SSeS =
YES! want to pump up my productivity! Please send me the
@ disks checked below at $11.95 each.
___The 1992 Best of Gazette Utilities
___ The Gazette Graphics Grab Bag
_— Subtotal
____ Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appropriate sales tax for your
area. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.)
___ Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00 surface mail, $5.00
airmail per disk.)
___ Total Enclosed
MasterCard and VISA accepted on orders with subtotal over $20.
Credit Card No, Exp. Date
Signature
(Required)
Daytime Telephone No.
Name
Address
City
State/Province
ZIP/Postal Code
Greensboro, NC 27408.
Mail this coupon to COMPUTE's 1991 Utilities, 324 West Wendover Ave., Ste. 200,
4
UPGRADING
WITHOUT CHANGING
PLATFORMS
By John Elliott
Just because you
want to upgrade doesn't
mean you have to
abandon your present
equipment and
buy a new system.
computer system anytime soon? If
so, just what do you mean by
upgrading? Even people who support
the 64 and 128 usually think it means
moving to the Amiga or IBM, but it
can mean something else as well. You
can upgrade your present equipment,
making it more flexible and powerful,
without buying a whole new system.
It's true that major software devel-
opers rarely produce for 8-bit plat-
forms anymore, but that doesn't mean
that the platform's been abandoned. It
would seem that owners of these
computers should consider preserv-
ing their hardware and software since
replacing them may be expensive.
Some people argue that there’s
nothing new for the 64 in the way of
hardware and that even once-familiar
names in the Commodore market are
dropping their 8-bit products. So
maintaining and enhancing existing
equipment can also be difficult.
Re you planning to upgrade your
Schnedler Systems
The story of Schnedler Systems sup-
ports the above arguments. Until
recently, Schnedler Systems pro-
duced accelerator CPUs that boosted
the 64's operating speed to better
than 4 MHz. It also made adapters
that let you use RAM expansion units
with these speed-up devices.
Schnedler's main Commodore cus-
tomers were factories in various
industries which used 128s to monitor
different testing procedures. The
additional speed of the accelerator
CPU was useful in this process.
“When Commodore stopped mak-
ing the 128, the factories gradually
lost interest in using it for these pur-
poses,” says a Schnedler spokesper-
son. Schnedler has sold out of these
devices and has terminated produc-
tion. The company now primarily
makes interfaces and modems for
IBMs, although one interface is
Commodore compatible.
Efforts to boost the operating
speeds of the Commodores have met
with little success. For more than a
year, there were rumors about new
high-speed chips that could acceler-
ate the 128.
Parsec
Through his company, Parsec, Ron
Brown commissioned the production
of a limited number of 128 boards
which operate at from 6 to 12 MHz
and carry up to 1MB of RAM on
board. Advertising of this and two
other new products was limited to his
magazine, Twin Cities 128, and to bul-
letin board systems. By November
G-4 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
1992, he had more than 100 advance
orders, but that was not enough to
pursue production. Partly because of
the narrow margin of profitability with
this product, Brown was forced to
abandon these high-speed boards.
The news is not all bad, however.
Brown reacted to the death of RUN
magazine by expanding Twin Cities
128 to include 64 coverage.
The Commodore story is far from
being over, however. Older products
disappear, rumored new ones never
make it to market, but there's still
plenty to get excited about. Many
companies still support the 64/128 by
updating their successful older prod-
ucts and by developing new ones.
The FGM Connection
Ron Hackley and Jerry Freadman op-
erate a company whose very popular
program, Fun Graphics Machine, ma-
nipulates graphics and type in many
unique ways. | asked Hackley, the
FGM programmer, why he still sup-
ports the Commodore platform.
“It's more forgiving and has a
smarter DOS than the other
machines,” he said. “When you turn it
on, the DOS is just sitting there. There
are few viruses—maybe not any. It's
much friendlier to use. For most pro-
grams, you need only a couple of
sheets of simple instructions. It's for
the home user who doesn't need
extras.”
Like many producers of a single
program, Hackley and Freadman
don't have a large advertising budget
to attract customers. In addition to
placing small ads in Gazette, they rely
on somewhat unorthodox marketing
approaches by selling FGM through
user groups and electronic bulletin
boards.
An FGM upgrade will soon be
available that will support RAMLink
from Creative Micro Designs (CMD). It
will also support Commodore’s RAM
expansion units, if Commodore will al-
low a license. The new FGM will
import graphics in geoPaint format,
Handyscanner creations, and text
from most word processors.
The Write Stuff
Eric Lee is the creator of The Write
Stuff, a word processor that's generat-
ed such loyalty among its users that
they've created their own newsletter.
With each hardware innovation in the
64/128 market, Lee has adapted his
program to take advantage of any ad-
ditional possibilities. All versions allow
use of an REU to save text and to
check spelling. There are special ver-
sions for the 1581 disk drive, Quick
Brown Box nonvolatile storage
cartridges, and Creative Micro
Designs' hard drive and RAM units.
Lee has decided to take his word
processor to version 3. This version
will feature high-resolution printing on
Epson-compatible printers by utilizing
three passes of the printhead. Each
letter, up to 500 dots in height, can
range from two inches to microscopic.
Printing will be solid at all sizes—no
jaggies! Fun Graphic Machine's Ron
Hackley has seen sample printouts,
and he says they are “near laser qual-
ity.” A beta version should be circulat-
ing by the time this article appears.
At the same time, Lee is compiling
a collection of 7000-8000 IBM share-
ware and public domain images that
he is porting to the 64/128. He will sell
catalogs of these images that will be
indexed by subject. Sales will be
largely through user groups. More
than 220 of these associations are
currently selling his Write Stuff word
processor.
Quick Brown Box
Brown Pulliam sells a range of bat-
tery-backed cartridges that have stor-
age capacities of from 64K to 256K.
Several hundred owners use a model
of a Quick Brown Box that contains a
specially adapted version of The Write
Stuff. The word processor is available
instantly, and users can store files in it
as well. Many other people use a Box
as a substitute disk drive to hold fre-
quently used programs, such as
SpeedScript.
Last year, Pulliam ran a contest for
database and spreadsheet develop-
ers to see who could develop the best
version for QBB. Although there were
no database submissions, Pulliam did
select and now distributes a spread-
sheet that not only loads from QBB
but also stores the created spread-
sheets back to the Box. It was initially
released in its non-QBB form as Calc
by Pankhurst Programming, Pulliam
says that he finds that the spread-
sheet especially lends itself to inven-
tory control.
With his relatively low sales vol-
ume, Pulliam does not advertise wide-
ly, but his products are still available.
Word of mouth is a primary method of
promotion.
Rio Computers
Rio Computers, which sells a number
of Commodore and video-related
devices, sells Handyscanner, the only
scanner available for the 64/128 in
North America. By the spring of 1993
it expects to offer a genlock for the 64
that should sell for around $400, but
early orders may go for $300.
Rio also plans to offer a stand-
alone video titler in the same price
range. While it will begin with titling
and mixing, video editing and other
modules will eventually be added.
The hardware should sell for prices
that are comparable to an Amiga's.
The market could include small televi-
sion stations, cable stations, and
home hobbyists.
| asked Rio why it produced high-
end material for an inexpensive ma-
chine. “We love the 64,” a spokesman
said. “It meets all of our needs. We
produce for those who don't want to
go to a new machine when new things
come out.”
Mad Man Software
Gene Barker and his associates have
developed an adventure game that
they call Messiah Ill. This multidisk
product technically surpasses previ-
ous 64 games and challenges those
of any platform. Bard’s Tale had 70
different pictures, but Messiah III has
more than 300, with more than 50
maps of the terrain.
To make this amount of information
manageable, they developed a
personalized “Mad DOS” that makes
the longest wait between pictures 12
seconds. Since Messiah II| has been
adapted to run from CMD RAM
devices, loading is instantaneous. “It's
like using CD-ROM,” says Barker.
It was also necessary to develop a
compression program that doubles
the disk capacity to fit the game on a
reasonable number of disks. This
Master Archiver is available separate-
ly for about $40.
The staff at Mad Man has also writ-
ten a paper called “How to Keep Your
Commodore Alive.” This is a collec-
ion of tips and suggestions to keep
your computer fit and happy.
Barker and friends began work on
Messiah in 1986 while at the Colorado
School of Mines. They are just about
inished. Why spend all this time and
effort on an aging machine? “Why
drop the 64 when it can challenge the
BM?” Barker answers. He and his
coworkers feel that with appropriate
planning and programming, the 8-bit
Commodores can accomplish any-
hing that other computers can and
do it more efficiently.
SOGWAP
Mark Miller is the creator of Big Blue
Reader and Bible Search, two pro-
grams still on the market for the 64
and 128. He started selling Big Blue
Reader for the 128 and 1571 in
August 1986. By November 1987, it
Reierenced Companies
Creative Micro Designs
P.O. Box 646
East Longmeadow, MA 01028
(800) 638-3263
Rio Computers
3310 Berwyck St.
Las Vegas, NV 89121
(702) 454-0335
SOGWAP Software
115 Bellmont Rd.
Decatur, IN 46733
(219) 724-3900
The FGM Connection
P.O. Box 2206
Roseburg, OR 97470
(508) 673-2234
Mad Man Software
The Enterprise Center
1400 E. College Dr.
Cheyenne, WY 82007-3298
Parsec-Twin Cities 64/128
P.O. Box 111
Salem, MA 01970
Pankhurst Programming
P.O. Box 49135
Montreal, QU
Canada H1iN 3T6
(514) 727-3596
The Write Stuff
Busy Bee Software
P.O. Box 2959
Lompoc, CA 93438
(805) 736-8184
Quick Brown Box
26 Concord Rd.
Bedford MA 01730
(617) 275-0090
Performance Peripherals
5 Upper Loudon Rd.
Loudonville, NY 12211
(518) 436-0485
generated enough income (modest,
he insists) for him to be able to quit
his regular job. In 1988, he began to
sell a version for the 64. For all these
years sales have been consistent.
Most of his market has been in North
America.
While BBR provides profit, Bible
Search barely supports itself. Miller
revised it about a year ago. It now
prints verses, saves a range of verses
to disk more easily, and on the 1581
treats the Old Testament and New
Testament as one section.
BBR version 4 now supports a
joystick, and both the 64 and 128 ver-
sions recognize subdirectories and
RAM expansion units. Both versions
are compatible with JiffyDOS.
Over the years, support has been
consistent for the 1571 and 1581 ver-
sions of BBR. As yet there have been
few requests for a version that works
with the new floppy drives from CMD.
Creative Micro Designs
CMD has produced more innovative
software and hardware for the 64 and
128 than any other company. Its initial
success came from JiffyDOS. There
are now a million of these DOS wedge
and disk accelerator units in use.
CMD’s RAMLink and RAMDrive
cartridges provide nonvolatile RAM
expansion units with a proprietary
DOS. CMD sells the only hard drive
still being marketed for the 64/128.
CMD also markets a number of soft-
ware enhancements for GEOS that
make special use of its hardware.
CMD also sells special-purpose
cartridges. One contains an extra SID
chip that enables the 64 to produce
stereo sound. The other is a high-
speed RS-232 interface that allows
connection to IBM devices.
Most recently, CMD is marketing
two high-density FD series drives, The
FD-4000 3%2-inch drive lets you use
enhanced density disks and provides
up to 3.2MB of storage. This is more
storage capacity than the floppies of
most other computer platforms. Its lit-
tle brother, the FD-2000, allows up to
1.6MB of storage.
The latest version of JiffyDOS is
three years old. With the exception of
it and the hard drives, all of CMD's
products have been either developed
or newly marketed in the past two
years. This is a heavy commitment to
a platform that some say is in decline.
Charlie Christianson Jr., the presi-
dent of the Massachusetts-based
CMD, provided’ some significant sta-
tistics that may explain his company's
support for the Commodore comput-
er. “About 800,000 Commodore 64s
were sold worldwide in the past 12
months. Eighty percent of these were
sold in Germany, where these ma-
chines are assembled. The company
(Commodore) still supports the C64 in
Europe.”
While business in Europe is good,
over half of the CMD sales are in this
country. After Germany and North
America, Australia provides a good
return in terms of investment. Last
year the Australian branch of
Commodore sold 30,000 units in a
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-5
Commodore sold 30,000 units in a
single sale to China.
Christianson says he wants to as-
sure Commodore users that as long
as his company’s products continue
to be successful, they can expect fur-
ther hardware and software enhance-
ments from CMD.
Performance Peripherals
Peter Fiset, in addition to being a
graduate student in computer engi-
neering, is the creator of CMD's
RAMDrive. Although his studies are
not on Commodores, he continues to
develop for the 64/128 because he
sees a strong potential market
In December 1992, he began to
ship a battery backup unit (BBU)
which allows both geoRAM and Com-
modore REUs to have nonvolatile
memory. Whatever program or data is
in the unit when you turn off your com-
puter will be there wher you turn it on
again. As long as the program doesn't
reinitialize the REU each time it's
loaded, whatever the program puts in
the REU will remain there. The most
obvious uses for this product would
be for word processors which place
text files and spelling checkers in the
REU, and, of course, GEOS.
A separate battery backup RAM
disk (BBG RAM) can retain up to 2MB
of memory. This device is only for
GEOS, but it includes a GEOS appili-
cation that lets you select one of up to
five 1571 drives.
By some estimates there are up to
800,000 Commodore RAM expansion
units and geoRAMs on the market.
Fiset will be successful if a significant
fraction of this population becomes
aware of his devices and decides it
wants to leave programs or data in its
REUs. What BBG RAM will lack in
comparison with the CMD units is the
ability to access partitions, emulate
different Commodore disk drives, and
easily convert the device number of
the RAM device.
Fiset has a particular market in
mind. Aware that in a sense he is
competing against his own RAMDrive,
Fiset pointed out that “some Commo-
dore users cannot afford the CMD
RAM devices but do want nonvolatile
memory.” Fiset has not done formal
market research and will know by his
sales whether there is a market for his
devices, which start at about $50.
The Current State of the
64/128
In a recent “64/128 View,” editor Tom
Netsel complained that his cupboard
“These darn programmers get younger every week .
G-6 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
was nearly bare of products to review
for Gazette. New products for the IBM
were being released at a tremendous
rate, but Commodore products had
slowed to a trickle and had practically
dried up altogether. Was this going to
be the end of the 8-bit line?
That's when | decided to check
with companies to find out for myself
whether or not anything new for the 64
was in the offing. Was there anything
coming that could give my system a
technological upgrade, or should |
resign myself to stick with the hard-
ware that | already have? | expected
to hear people say that as long as my
Commodore is performing its tasks
satisfactorily, then | should be con-
tent. After all, only vanity could justify
my changing platforms.
Instead, | found that a group of
individuals and small companies are
stretching our computers in directions
undreamed of only a few years ago.
Gone are the huge distributors who
once flooded the Commodore market
with flashy advertisements and jeal-
ously guarded their marketing plans.
This group is a community of develop-
ers. In many cases | received names
and phone numbers of companies
from people who in any other busi-
ness would be considered rivals.
Collaboration is evident. The Write
Stuff adapts to CMD and Quick Brown
Box hardware. The Write Stuff creator
sends his letter quality fonts to the de-
velopers of Fun Graphics Machine.
Messiah III's developers at Mad Man
are adapting for the CMD RAM
devices and considering further joint
projects. It could be argued that some
of the products described in this arti-
cle don't constitute simple upgrades.
A cartridge or a new piece of software
may not seem like much, yet each
product makes the 64 or 128 do
something it couldn't do before. The
more substantial pieces of hardware
from Rio or CMD can certainly broad-
en your computing horizons, and you
don't have to be a computer engineer
to use or install them.
Upgrading by using the products
described here seems to me to be a
better idea than switching computer
platforms. It’s an especially strong
argument when you consider the time,
effort, and money you probably have
invested in your Commodore system.
There’s another reassuring note when
you examine the other end of the
Commodore pipeline. The investment
of time, energy, and money by the
software and hardware developers is
an indication of their conviction that
our Commodore computers will be
productively used and enhanced by
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
INTERNATIONAL
C-64/128 Specialists For Over Six Years
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Although we can't get keyboards and disk drives any longer, we
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Word Attack..
Donald's Alphabet
Sky Travel
Perfect Score SAT
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REVIEWS
DR.
SPELLINGSTEIN
Things are different in Austra-
lia. Stargazers seek the
Southern Cross, not the Big
Dipper. Those wanting to be
alone with their thoughts go
on walkabout, not retreat.
And Australian schools use
Commodore 64s—hence
Free Spirit's import from the
“Minister of Education for
and on behalf of the Crown
in right of the State of South
Australia.” Meet Dr. Spelling-
stein, the monster spelling
program for the 64.
Dr. Spellingstein is a drill-
and-practice program de-
signed to reinforce words al-
ready taught in the class-
room. It does this via three
different games: Flash
Words, Jumbled Words, or
Guess the Word. Players
who answer all game ques-
tions correctly earn the
chance to build their own
monsters in the laboratory
via Monster Mix and Match.
There are two ways to
use Dr. Spellingstein. The
first is to play what the man-
ual refers to as Dr. Spelling-
stein—Home Version and
what the game menu refers
to as The Dr.'s Flash Game.
This discrepancy illustrates
the sole problem with this
game: The program menus
differ from those illustrated
in the manual. Only the sec-
tion titles are changed, how-
ever, and since they're in cor-
rect sequence, it’s not hard
to figure them out.
This first game lets you se-
lect a list of six words from
168 lists already on disk.
The word list is displayed on
the screen for study. When
you've finished studying,
press Return to begin. At
that point, Dr. Spellingstein's
laboratory appears, and the
first word flashes briefly in
the top window. The word
G-8 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
disappears, and a cursor ap-
pears.in a second window,
ready for you to spell the
word that just flashed.
Correct answers are some-
times rewarded by the ap-
pearance of a monster's
body part in the laboratory.
By the end of a game, even
without getting every an-
swer right, the whole mon-
the same list again for play-
ing Guess the Word, a Hang-
man-type game.
The lists are created with
the next module (Word List
Editor in the manual; Game
Creator onscreen). From
here you can change the
game setup; edit a word
list; print the list; and load,
save, or erase games.
Answer all questions correctly and earn the chance to build your
own monsters in the laboratory via Monster Mix and Match.
ster can be assembled. Get
all the answers right, howev-
er, and you can build your
own monster by combining
parts from other monsters.
The next option on the
menu (School Version in the
manual; Your Game and
More Games on the screen)
lets you play games that
you've created with your
own word lists. These lists
may contain up to 20 words
and are saved with their
own game parameters. That
is, a list saved as KATE1
may be a list of 20 words
that we've saved for our
daughter Kate to play as
Flash Words. KATE2 could
be the same list saved as
Jumbled Words where you
unscramble letters to make
your word. KATES could be
The power of the pro-
gram lies in the parameters
within Change Game Setup.
This is where you choose
one of the three games;
how long a word is dis-
played before it disappears
(or in the case of Guess the
Word, how many letter guess-
es you get); whether or not
the game is sensitive to en-
tering upper- or lowercase;
whether or not the player
wins the chance to build a
monster; and, finally, wheth-
er or not Answers equal
Questions.
This last option, at first con-
fusing, actually gives you
the ability to devise a quiz.
For example, you could en-
ter a math equation such as
10 x 5 as the question and
50 as the answer, thus cre-
ating a math quiz. There are
any number of short ques-
tions that could be handled
with this option, making this
Program much more useful
than a mere spelling game.
The last module, known
as Monster Printer in the man-
ual and Print Saved Mon-
sters onscreen, handles the
loading and printing of mon-
sters that the players have
created. It also provides a
way to delete files to make
room for new monsters.
We have always admired
programs that allow versatil-
ity and creativity in their op-
eration. Dr. Spellingstein
has as its primary goal to as-
sist youngsters in learning
their spelling words. It ap-
proaches this in a challeng-
ing and fun way. Yet it also
allows you to modify enough
facets of the program to put
you in control. You deter-
mine how hard to make the
games, what words to use,
and even how the games
are played, The possibilities
are as endless as the num-
ber of monsters you can
make with the various parts
Dr. Spellingstein provides!
It's easy to see why the
Australian school system us-
es Dr. Spellingstein. It's a pro-
gram that can be used at
home or in a class, and it
can be adapted by parent
or teacher to suit any stu-
dent’s abilities and needs.
It's flexible and powerful,
easy to grasp for the stu-
dent user, and entertaining
as well. In fact, Dr. Spelling-
stein fulfills every require-
ment we've ever had for an
educational program and
does so respectably. We
highly recommend it.
DAVID & ROBIN MINNICK
Free Spirit Software
720 Sycamore St.
Columbus, IN 47201
(812) 376-9964
$39.95
Circle Reader Service Number 414
*
SoftHara for the C-64 # C-i2 # C-tH * Commodore +/4 Comoutare
FREE SHIPPING w/oogtmark B/iB--b/ai/Ga - Pay on tha ITEM COST
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For PG onsoblog. state PaGA/a Bk/non-f= & GZ Bk/C= Protral
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aking Jamag Bible.2 sidag Mus. dor B Pad £2 ah/aB+4
GiHolday/2Muse+h Aon EPG. Holidsy/Raloion O/ Fed
CG SuoKeribakrkoutPokrae Gamag-CrastFin-Grsfox.Dimge &/ B+2
Oi C-1$8 Potoourr! -. UT/ PRY GOY G/ Th ---—---------
B w-- UT/ PRY ED &/ TE -----.
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Tatra Clonag-Ce4/e4C/C-12B0 cohumng) ----------- &/ O41
Ki @ Paak -TrahandtrraidrArDm.Otoat. B mora ------- 2/ 9+
Li Paoola-564 Hialal-Famsla-Chiiran - A or B POG +Prog F/ +2
Ms Glsk Notchar-Uae tha back of vour 08/00 digkal ---- DN/ a+i
Na Regios Potoourri-ff6 reainag-Procrsaz ---- a/ FH
Os KY Bible-+/4--Txt filag + { ad Proorams -. ao/ad+4
Py Guma Puok C for C-i84 - i+ --Star Trak-Conoant —- i0/fa+2
Oi Musious Cuasious - more than classion) aalsationa- 2/ T+2
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Us Comotr Parade-256 Paa--Acole/Ce/IbM Locos/mora ---- 2/ B+?
Vs Fuataad Vi (fnh CAD 20) +Qunnort Filaz ----------- Bide
Wh Fun @rmph Mach Damo+UT+50 Fonte & Hi-Rea Dump Prog. a/ b+?
Xt $544/71/O1 UT Combo-Raadar/Conlar/Movar/ata. ------ &/it+a
Ys @503 Mnfo-Proormmmar's Menus) i659 nsosa) and ----—
GEO 10 Doaumantation (2f omoee --iC-b4) -------- a/ O42
Zi Kino dames Bible -125 u/40-63 rasdar/orintar plus
2 azah of mugic. A on & PS Grachiog & ommag ------- 26/25+4
Avaltgbla-JIM HEHL COLLECTION +/4 # C-is #
JH-OLPlue/4 @ Paok-Hae more then 0 ommex
JH-02..7-Paak +/4.Tarming) orog & Plus-Tarming) ----- 4/ 941
JH-02.0-1% Combo-mora than BO Proorama. Rune on +/4) 2/ 441
JH-04.auoerbuge +/4-Powerful Osta Gage orocram
JHOSHALiuod)-Agembin+4 -Sosedeaniot = +/4
JH-OF.Ce4-Prntd hd/FleCe4 v +4 Software ROM
JH-09.Proti+/4 Jovetk adantor) & mora + Memory
JH-iHom Radio Prog-O8l asrd orntr/sntenns daglon/+ 2/ 441
Gand SARE for more HHL COLLECTION info and COMMODORE Pus/4
Softuana for Clasranaa (asrtridceaa/diske/tacag). Jugt = fai.
CATALOGS Ced/i2h-4%o (ak+e2] # # HH HH He Plue/s-ido [H2+i]
PYNT-MO/CK (Uad)--CaFac +852 tx/itam total-No COOS/Crt Crd.
PROCEASING: BnkChk/MO-jat than Chk w/ abd. SBH-USP2 Gom/In
> Kannath Franklin /KF-PDa # POR 4% 04e4--LA. Ca. 90047-0404
Wave moat of tha PD Salat C= Lib. Ware In varr ® 2. Thankal
Circle Reader Service Number 197
memories
alive.
THE AMERICAN HEART
ASS@IATION
MEMORIAL PRGGRAMs=
cA Y rw,
Ole SESS xy
American Heart
Association
This space provided as a public service.
The classic best-selling
Commodore 64 reference
guide. Mapping the Com-
modore 64 and 64C is a
comprehensive memory
guide for beginning and advanced programmers.
To order your copy send $18.95 plus $2.50 for shipping and handling
(U.S., $4 to Canada and $6 other) to COMPUTE Books, c/o CCC, 2500
McClellan Ave. Pennsauken, NJ 08109. (Residents of NC, NJ, and NY
please add appropriate tax; Canadian orders add 7% Goods and Servic-
es Tax.) All orders must be paid in U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank.
Orders will be shipped via UPS Ground Service. Offer good while
supplies last.
] If you own a CMD device, you
NE W! NEED the Compression Kit
THE i i KIT
ystem featuring fast
e@ commodore 64/128
id unreliable.disk copiers away
up-to,the- Compression Kit!
) _ of these drives, 1541
A disk &
data com
* FREE Madd er!
* FREE shipping«onadvance orders!
Please enclose check or money order
for $39.95to:
Mad Man Software
1400 East College Drive
Cheyenne, Wy. 82007
For order info call...... 1(800)34-MADMAN
For general info call...1(307)632-1178
For fax inquires.......... 1(307)637-4883
Be sure to enclose a return address. No P.O.Box
numbers please.
Circle Reader Service Number 260
MAPPING
THE
Commodore
64&64C
C64/128 PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE
REQUEST FREE CATALOG or send $2 for sample disk and catalog (RE-
FUNDABLE). Categories include education, utilities, games, business,
PRINT SHOP graphics, pre-tested programs and more. Rent for 75¢ or
buy as low as $1.00 per disk side or for 80¢ for 70 or more. $20 order
gets 4 free disks of your cholce.
NEXT DAY SHIPPING! SINCE 1986
& CALOKE INDUSTRIES (Dept. GK) =e
! PO BOX 18477, RAYTOWN, MO 64133 ——
Circle Reader Service Number 181
DEPENDABLE SERVICE FOR YOUR COMMODORE!
C-64, 1541, C-128, or 1571:===FAST Turnarounp!
$25. pius parts
Send computer* or drive with name, ad- SERVICE CENTER
dress, phone, & describe problem. We'll ie ed oy,
call with parts estimate, then repair and | 90 DAY WARRANTY
return to you insured by UPS. Payment | ON ALL REPAIRS
can be COD or VISA, M/C. Minimum in Sere AE ot
charge, estimate only is $20. * Include power supply
503 East St. Dept. C
TYCOM Inc. Pittsfield, MA 01201 (413) 442-9771
AUTHORIZED COMMODORE
Circle Reader Service Number 242
ESCAPE ROUTE
The Adventures of
Eric Hawthorne, Pl.
C-64 or C-128 In 64 MODE
ACTION/STRATEGY/BOARD GAME
Catch the Infamous ICELADY before she crosses the border!
Fun for all ages!
$19.95 Check or Money Order
CREATIVE PIXELS LTD.
PO Box 592, Library , PA 15129
Circle Reader Service Number 113
COMPUTER REPAIR xz
C-64: $40.00 1541: $54.95 64C: $50.00
1541-Il: $64.95 €128:$64.95 6€128D: $74.95
1581: $64.95 ETC.
WE ALSO REPAIR IBM Clones, Sega, Genesis, Nintendo
For more info cal: BEAR TECHNOLOGIES
Computer Sales, Service & Repair
ara) 1005 McKean Street, Philadelphia, PA 19148.
215-336-5295 1-800-755-5295
Circle Reader Service Number 152
C128 $63.00
1541 Repair $42.00 Amiga 500 BD $70.00
1571 Repair $52.00 Amiga 1000 BD $87.00
Sx64 $66.00 Amiga 2000 BD $125.00
C. 6 PC-10, PC Cott Motherboard $110.00 All Commodore monitors $67.00
-
29 ‘ 128D — $70.00
repair al. 95 Computer Technologies
Prices include parts/labor. 1313-B Washington Ave.
Except PS and drives. Titusville, FL 32780
Discount for dealers & schools (407) 269-1081
Prices subject to change without notice. Toll Free 1-800-237-2835
AUTHORIZED COMMODORE SERVICE CENTER
Circle Reader Service Number 284
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
REVIEWS
ESCAPE ROUTE
It was a cold night in the city when the
chief gave me the job of reviewing this
new game from Creative Pixels called
Escape Route.
Following his orders, | went undercov-
er as private investigator Eric Hawthor-
ne of the Apex Detective Agency. My
job: recover the rare Acme diamond. It
seems some dame called the IceLady
stole this little trinket. I've got three
weeks to catch this frozen Fraulein and
recover the rock, and she’s got a 4000-
mile head start on me. This gumshoe's
got no time to waste.
The sleuthing begins with a main
menu of seven icons and a picture of
the chief, who looks amazingly like
Humphrey Bogart. These icons, which
are explained in detail in the instruc-
tions, are a series of tasks and events
that make up the game. These include
a piano drop, roulette wheel, expens-
es, driving, gems, the IceLady's castle,
and a flat tire.
When the main menu comes up, a
flashing figure of Eric moves quickly
from icon to icon, He’s moving so fast
that you have no real choice of which
icon to try. Instead, you must hit the
joystick’s fire button and take your
chances. Just hope that Eric doesn't
land on the expenses or flat tire icons,
since these cost him time and points.
The piano drop, like the main menu,
depends solely on luck and requires
no skill. Your only requirement is to
move Eric left or right on the screen
when he encounters the IceLady. Pick
a spot, press the fire button, and wait
for the piano to drop, praying it
doesn’t land on Eric. If Lady Luck is in
a good mood, Eric not only avoids be-
ing flattened, but he gains 250 miles
on the IceLady. On the other hand, if
his luck is out to lunch, the IceLady
gains 250 miles on Eric.
When an event is over, you return to
the icon screen to try another game.
Once again you press the fire button
and see where Eric lands. At the top of
this screen, you'll see the number of
days which have passed, the number
of miles to go, and the point score.
These extra miles can be whittled
down easily, however, if Eric lands on
the roulette icon. They can be in-
creased just as quickly if he lands on
the expenses icon. When he lands on
either of these icons, a screen will
come up with a picture of the IceLady,
stating how many miles have been
lost or gained. With the roulette wheel,
which works in the player's favor, you
can gain from 1 to 500 miles. The ex-
RAMLink with 1 MB RAMCard
RAMLink with 4 MB RAMCard
Real-Time-Clock for RAMCard (Optional)
RAMLink Battery Back-up (Optional)
1 MB & 4 MB SIMM Modules
Parallel Cable (RAMLink to HD)
HD-Serles Hard Disk Drives
HD-40, 40 MB SCSI Hard Drive
HD-85, 85 MB SCSI Hard Drive
HD-100, 100 MB SCS! Hard Drive
HD-200, 200 MB SCS! Hard Drive
FD-Serles 3.5”, Floppy Disk Drives
FD-2000 (800K and 1.6 MB Formats) $179.95
FD-4000 (800K, 1.6 MB and 3.2 MB Formats) $249.95
FD Real-Time-Clock Option $20.00
Box of 10, High Density Disks (1,6M8) $14.95
Box of 10, Enhanced Density Disks (3.2 MB) $60.00
Single ED-Disk. (3.2 MB) $8.00
JlffyDOS (Spocity Computer / drive model & serial number)
C64-System (Computer & drive) $49.95
‘SX-64 System (Computer & intemal 1541) $49.95
C-128 System (Computer & drive) $59.95
128-D System (Computer & Internal 1571) $59.95
‘Additional Drive ROMs $24.95
Software Products
Qe0MakeBoot (Makes bootable copies of GEOS 64/128) $12.95
galeWay/64 of 128 (GEOS Desktop Replaceneng $29.95
geoCanvas (Attematve GEOS Paint Progam) $29.95
Collette Utiities (Handy GEOS Usitee) $19.95
Perfect Print LO for GEOS (Font Col.142, 49 Fonts) $49.95
Font Collaction 3 (17 Fonts and 5 Borders) $19.95
Border Font Collection 1 (24 Border Fonts) $19.95
JitfyMON - ML Monitor for JittyDOS'64 $19.95
Miscellaneous CMD Products
‘SwittLink, RS-232 Interlace (300 10 38,400 baud) $39.95
‘SwiftLink Cable (DB9 to 0B25) $9.95
SID Symphony Stereo Cartridge w/ Player $39.95
‘Ai prices and specifications subject to tacos ets noice
penses icon, which works in the
IceLady's favor, can add from 1 to 500
miles to her lead over you.
The flat tire screen is similar to the
roulette and expenses routines in that
it offers no action or player involve-
ment. It consists of a picture of Eric
standing next to his car, which has a
flat tire. The number of flat tires add up
throughout the game. Get four of
them, and the caper is over. The num-
ber of flat tires is displayed on the
main menu screen. Luckily, no mileage
penalty is given for a flat tire.
The remaining icons, which consist
of the IceLady's castle, driving, and
gems, are the most enjoyable aspects
in this program since they require
some skill and offer you some chance
of action. Each task starts with explan-
atory text and graphics which may be
skipped later on.
In the IceLady's castle, Eric must bat-
tle against her henchmen who fight nin-
ja-style to keep him from entering her
castle. For each henchman that you de-
feat, you gain 100 miles and receive
150 points. Bars at the bottom of the
screen indicate both the strength of
Eric and the strength of the ninjas.
When Eric's punches land, he experi-
ences a moment of spiritual connection
with Bruce Lee!
High Performance SCSI Hard Drive for the C64 & C128
HO Series Hard Drives are available in capacities up to 200 MB, are fully partitionable, and
can emulate 1541, 1571, & 1581 disks while Native partitions utilize MSDOS-style
subdirectories. HD's connecteas' eesby tne senel bus operate aE eae
in JifyDOS, SWAP feature and Real-Time-Clock. HD Saries Drives offer superior
compatibility with most commercial software including BBS, Productivity and GEOS. And
MENON PENS, HD Seren caves ofl lowes cael Molar) COA ete CaN
Power Backed Expandable RAM Disk and Interface
The fastest possible form of s RAMLink provides instant access to files and retains
cata Wille YoU rye ie off. Easy to use and expandable up to 16 MB, RAMLink
utilizes the same powartul operating system found in the HD. RAMI ink also offers built:
Lie ete SWAP feature, reset button, enable/disable switch, pass-thru port and RAM
port for REU/GEORAM use. Hea fos oes roping eae epee expandability and
compatibility with all types of software and hardware including GE
High
1.6 and 3.2 MB 3.5" FI
Disk Drives
The FD-2000 and FD-4000 disk drives utilize today's latest3.5 inch technology. FD-2000's
‘support 800K (1581 style) and 1.6 MB (High Density) formats, while the FD-4000's offer
‘support for the 3.2 MB (Enhanced
Density) format as well. Fast and reliable, they support
1541, 1571 and 1581 style partitions, Native Mode partitioning and can actually read and
write 1581 disks. FD drives feature built-in JiffyYDOS, SWAP button and optional RTC. High
capacity, speed and compatibility make the
the night drive for every application.
Speeds up disk access by as much as 1500% while
maintaining 100% compatibility with commercial software
‘Speeds up Loading, Saveing, Veritying, Formatting and Reading / Writing of PRG, SEO, USR and REL fles
Builtin DOS Wedge plus 1 7additonal features including fle copier, taxtdump, printer loggle, and rade finable function keys
ROM upgrade installs easily into most computers and disk drives. Supports C-64, 64C, SX-64, C-128, 128-D, 1541,
TORIC, IOSIERISZ 166) aerate: 1283 yoke Suppor bon Gk an 128 modes and upgraded Kernal routines.
‘tipping and Handing Charges:
Hard: UPS 5150 ay 2.0 AK, Canada 35.09
‘GBoot, Col Uti, GCan: 1st Class Mal $2.00; Canada $5.00
Payne MC, a, Maney Or Erk Cc 000 tpn a $5.0
may require advanced deposit. Personal chacks are held fr 3 wh.
The driving event seems to have
been inspired by Alfred Hitchcock. The
challenge comes from avoiding a num-
ber of low-flying ducks that head
straight for Eric's car. Luckily, you can
move the car to avoid the ducks. You
can even move it backward. In this
event, you can gain up to 500 miles.
Finally, gems is a fairly entertaining
segment which closely resembles Pac-
Man. Eric is chased by a ghost
through a dungeon maze. The objec-
tive of this timed event is to pick up as
many as possible of the 25 gems
strewn about the maze without being
caught by the ghost. For each gem
you pick up, you gain 20 miles and 50
points
Each game takes up 1 day of the 21
which you have to solve the case, so
landing on the expenses icon or get-
ting hit by the piano too often can
make it difficult for you to catch the
IceLady. The game is rather simple,
and the action is limited. The main com-
plaint | have is the large amount of
time it takes to load each segment.
This is most frustrating when you repeat-
edly land on the roulette, expenses, or
flat tire screens. After you've landed a
couple of times, you know what to ex-
pect. The text doesn't change, only the
numbers. But loading seems to take for-
Creative Micro Designs, Inc.
P.O. Box 646, E. Longmeadow, MA 01028
OMDE 222
(413) 525-0023
(413) 525-0148
ever. As a result, the game is too sim-
ple for adults and too slow for children,
who would lose interest waiting for the
different segments to load.
The graphics are not too bad, and
there are some pleasant sound effects
and music scattered throughout the
game. To make the game more appeal-
ing, however, I'd prefer to see more
player interaction. As it is, it seems
that most of the time spent with Es-
cape Route is spent waiting for seg-
ments to load.
CHRISTIAN FLEMING
Creative Pixels
P.O. Box 592
Library, PA 15129
(412) 653-1571
$19.95
Circle Reader Service Number 415
THE LANDMARK SERIES:
DUALTOP 64 AND 128
“He started to sing as he tackled the
thing that couldn't be done and he did
it.” This quote from Edgar Guest ap-
pears on the title page of the manual for
The Landmark Series. The title of the col-
lection and even the name of the com-
Pany itself announce the same thing:
These utilities and games from program-
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-11
‘le Reader Service Number 139
REVIEWS
mer Paul Murdaugh will per-
form like no other GEOS pro-
grams you've ever seen.
And they do. They have
excellent RAM support, ex-
ceptional graphics, and light-
ning speed, and they're
easy to use. To top it all off,
they come with a clear and
concise manual and a price
to make you smile. The Land-
mark Series is a winner.
The star of the series un-
questionably is DualTop, a
file manager for both the 64
and the 128. DualTop’s inter-
face, as its name implies,
presents you with two disk di-
rectories at once. The lists
appear side by side, and
you can scroll though each
one. | might as well hit a neg-
ative point right off: To be
honest, I'm not convinced |
need this feature. | haven't
found a practical advantage
to it. Oh, | suppose it's
handy to scroll through oth-
er directories looking for a
file without closing your cur-
rent disk, but | seldom have
a need to do that.
The interface screen dis-
plays so much information
that it looks cluttered and
cramped. As for copying,
it's just as easy to drop a
file icon on a drive icon or,
better yet, to use the key-
board shortcuts in GEOS
128. | certainly don’t need to
see the directory of a disk in
order to do this. As a matter
of fact, since you can't copy
between disks in DualTop
without opening both directo-
ties, this feature can actual-
ly slow you down. 4
If that were DualTop's
sole claim to fame, | would
leave it tucked away some-
where and never use it. For-
tunately, this isn’t the case.
DualTop is a state-of-the-art
file manager program. It's
chock full of great, user-
friendly features, the kind
you'll find so intuitive and
handy that you won't ever
G-12 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
want to be without them.
Formatting disks is han-
dled with a very straightfor-
ward, easy-to-understand
control panel. You can’t ac-
cidentally format the wrong
disk, a problem sometimes
with deskTop. DualTop 128
takes advantage of 64K vid-
eo RAM if you have it, using
it to store the DualTop
screen. This lets the screen
appear almost instantaneous-
ly whenever you return from
an application.
The 128 version also can
be set to switch to the appro-
priate video mode (40 or 80
columns) without tossing a di-
alog box at you. Both ver-
sions include a set of but-
tons down the middle of the
screen that activate some of
the most-used file-handling
functions. Most functions
have keyboard equivalents.
GEOS's operating system
has always had a problem
recognizing more than two
drives. Programmer Paul Mur-
daugh tackled the problem
by having GEOS “see”
drives in pairs. If you double-
click on a data file on drive
B, for example, GEOS
checks both drives A and B
for the application to run
that file. The same is true of
drives C and D, but GEOS
won't check drive B or A if
you try to open a file on
drive C, The deskTop skirts
the issue by forcing you to
swap drive C into position A
or B, keeping things paired
the way GEOS wants.
That wasn't good enough
for Murdaugh, though. He
wanted full four-drive sup-
port, with all four drives
equally accessible from an-
ywhere in the GEOS environ-
ment. The problem is only
partially resolved in DualTop
itself, but Murdaugh has re-
leased a series of upgrade
patches for each of the
main GEOS applications
which will make them fully
four-drive compatible.
DualTop supports four
drives without the patches if
you take care where you
place your files. It will ac-
cess the 1541, 1571, and
1581 drives as well as the
Commodore 1700 series
REUs. Creative Micro De-
sign's RAM devices, the
RAMLink and RAMDrive,
are also supported, as is the
new FD-series drives. As
long as you use Gateway to
boot your system, DualTop
will even access native
mode partitions of any size
on the CMD devices. This lev-
el of device support is un-
precedented outside CMD's
Gateway, and Gateway
can't use four drives.
One feature above all the
others puts DualTop on the
cutting edge of GEOS file
management: the RAM
drive priority system. With-
out this, if you double-click
on a data file, the system
will start looking for the re-
quired application on the
same disk as the data file.
Unfortunately, if you have
your data file and applica-
tion on a 1571, for example,
it'll run from that drive even
if you also have the applica-
tion loaded on your RAM de-
vice. DualTop automatically
looks for your applications in
RAM first, regardless of
which drive your data is on,
running only from the physi-
cal drive if necessary. That
means that no matter where
you open your file, the appli-
cation will run from the fast-
est possible location.
All of this adds up to an
outstanding piece of work,
despite what | consider an
unnecessarily cluttered inter-
face screen. Even with the
clutter, DualTop is the per-
fect file manager application
for GEOS. It easily has the
power and features to effi-
ciently—no, elegantly—han-
dle the most high-powered
GEOS systems. You can
even set it up to load auto-
matically on boot instead of
the deskTop!
As if that weren't enough,
the Landmark disk also in-
cludes several other GEOS
utilities and games. Mur-
daugh's versions of Tetris
and Solitaire are well de-
signed. The 80-column ver-
sions require the 64K video
upgrade to create magnifi-
cent color graphics.
Also requiring the video
upgrade is a program
called Lacell. This graphics
display utility uses the extra
video RAM to display BASIC
8 and I-Paint graphic imag-
es as well as large geoPaint
pictures. Some modes in-
volve_ interlacing, which
meant a lot of flickering on
my monitor, but the program
certainly displays some im-
pressive images. Unfortunate-
ly, the program doesn't im-
port the various images into
geoPaint, just displays them
on your screen, If you're a
graphics aficionado, howev-
er, and hate to leave GEOS
to view your collection,
Lacell is for you.
The Landmark Series is a
good example of the skill
and innovation of the cur-
rent crop of GEOS program-
mers. DualTop is an out-
standing program, at the
top of its class. The games
and Lacell are respectable
additions to any GEOS li-
brary. Support of the top-of-
the-line hardware such as
the FD-series drives and a
wealth of user-friendly fea-
tures make this package
one of the best to come
along this year for serious
GEOS users.
STEVE VANDER ARK
New Horizons Software
2253 N. Kansas Ave.
Springfield, MO 65803
$24.95 plus $3.00 shipping and han-
dling
Circle Reader Service Number 416
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WESTERN
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WESTERN HERITAGE
Graphics, Borders, and Fonts for the Print Shop .
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Create a Total Western Environment with 143 designs
x Instructions to make 10 Gunfighters of the Old West, Wanted Posters.
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x Old Ranch Brands, Wagons, Horse Shoes, Cattle, Engish Riders, Gunfighters, Indans,
Cowboys, Ropes, Hats, Boots, Saddles, and more.
90 Graphics, 42 Borders and 11 Fonts for the Print Shop.
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Yes, save time and money! Subscribe to the Gazette
Disk and get all the exciting, fun-filled Gazette pro-
grams for your Commodore 64 or 128—already on
disk!
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get all the latest, most challenging, and fascinating
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COMPUTE.
New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the
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orders, add 7% goods and services tax
Questions and
answers about bugs
G-14
in programs,
a way to blank
an inactive
screen, and more.
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
FEEDBACK
Bug-Swatter
Kenneth Robinson of
Keyport, New Jersey, pointed
out a problem with the
CHANGE command in De-
MON (December 1992) that
causes it to process
BRANCH assembly code in-
correctly.
To correct the problem,
load DeMON back into MLX
with the original starting and
ending addresses of 8000
and 9967, respectively. Se-
lect the Enter Data option and
enter the following line.
9168: BD 1F 99 86 71 85 FB AO 08
Be sure to save the program
before you quit MLX.
Roger Mollen of Rogers, Min-
nesota, noticed a checksum
error with the flashing mes-
sage program in the Novem-
ber 1992 “Feedback” col-
umn. The problem was the
DATA statement in line 70.
Here's the correct listing.
70 DATA 4,41,15,197,6,208,
9,177,2,41
Screen Blanker
If | leave the same screen dis-
played on my monitor for
long periods of time, the im-
age stays even after | clear
the screen, Could you pro-
vide me with a machine lan-
guage program for my 64
that will blank the screen if
the user doesn't press a key af-
ter a specified time?
JOHN NESBITT
HICKORY, NC
The machine language pro-
gram listed here blanks the
screen to the current border
color if a keypress doesn't oc-
cur within five minutes.
; Screen blanker
; First, redirect IRQ vector to
BLANK.
SEI ;disable IRQ interrupts
LDA #<BLANK ;store BLANK
address in vector
STA 788
LDA #>BLANK
STA 789
JSR ZEROCLK ;go zero jiffy
clock
CLI ;reenable IRQ interrupts
RTS ;and return to BASIC
BLANK
LDA 197 ;check for last
keypress
CMP #64 ;Has no key been
pressed?
BEQ SCRBLK ;Yes, so check
screen
JSR ZEROCLK ;A keypress has
occurred. Reset timer
LDA 53265 ;and turn on screen
ORA #%00010000 ;turn on bit 4
STA 53265
EXIT
JMP 59953 ;execute normal IRQ
interrupts
SCRBLK
LDA 53265 ;Is screen blank?
AND #%00010000 ;bit 4 controls
screen blanking
BEQ EXIT ;Yes, so leave
LDA 161 ;Has time expired?
CMP #71 ;timer set for 71 x
4.2267 secs, or 5 min.
BCC EXIT ;No, so exit
LDA 53265 ;Yes, so blank
screen
AND #%11101111 ;turn off bit 4
STA 53265
BNE EXIT ;and leave
ZEROCLK
LDA #0 ;Zero jiffy clock to
“900000”
STA 160
STA 161
STA 162
RTS
The routine runs off the IRQ
interrupt. [RQ interrupts take
place once every '/6o second
on the 64. During the inter-
rupt, the computer performs
certain housekeeping rou-
tines: updating the jiffy clock,
flashing the cursor, scanning
the keyboard for a keypress,
and so on. The 64 locates the
code for these routines using
the two-byte pointer, or vec-
tor, at location 788. Ordinarily,
this vector points to 59953.
The first part of the pro-
gram points the IRQ interrupt
vector at 788 to our custom
screen-blanking routine
(BLANK). It also sets the jiffy
clock (160-162), which
serves as our timer, to 0.
Each time BLANK is
called, it checks for a
keypress, If one has oc-
curred, it zeros the clock,
turns on the video display by
setting bit 4 of location
53265, and exits through the
normal interrupt routine.
lf no key has been
pressed, the routine checks
the ‘screen display. If it's off,
the routine exits to BASIC. Oth-
erwise, it examines the timer
to see whether it has reached
the specified limits (in this
case, five minutes). If it has,
the routine blanks the screen
display and exits
If you'd prefer a longer or
shorter delay before the
screen blanks, adjust the num-
ber 71 in the SCRBLK part of
the program. This byte repre-
sents the number of 256-jiffy in-
tervals (4.2267 seconds) that
take place between key-
strokes before the screen is
blanked. If you wanted the ae-
lay to be aqnly two minutes
(120 seconds), for instance,
you'd change the 71 to a 28
(120 + 4.2267 = 28.4).
For those readers who
don't have a machine lan-
guage monitor, here is the
equivalent program in the
form of a BASIC loader. To
change the delay time, use
the above formula and enter
the number in the single DA-
TA statement in line 180. The
default, like the machine lan-
guage version, is approximate-
ly five minutes.
AH 100 FOR X=0 TO 69:READ A:PO
KE 49152+X,A:NEXT
SYS49152: PRINT" {CLR}
{WHT} (DOWN} SCREEN BLANK
ER IN PLACE"
DATA 126,169,16,141,20,
3,169,192,141,21,3
REM CHANGE VALUE IN LIN
E 180 TO CHANGE TIME TO
BLANKING
DATA 32,59,192,88,96,16
HB 110
BX 126
PJ 130
QA 146
5,197,201,64, 240,14
DATA 32,59,192,173,17,2
@8,9,16,141,17,208
KR 160 DATA 76,49,234,173,17,2
08,41,16,240,246,165
HB 156
KJ 17@ DATA 161,201
BG 186 DATA 71
FQ 194 DATA 144,240,173,17,208
741,239,141
GG 208 DATA 17,208,298, 239,169
10,133,166,133,161,133
SJ 210 DATA 162,96,1,254
Old Software
I'm trying to find old programs
such as accounting software,
but it seems that most stores
no longer carry them. Is there
someone | can contact to buy
old out-of-date software?
BETTY DESJARDIN
EAST GREENVILLE, PA
Contact Bare Bones Soft-
ware, 940 4th Avenue, Suite
222, Huntington, West Virgin-
ja 25701; (800) 638-1123. It
stocks a variety of used pro-
gram for most computers.
Call and ask about specific
programs or request a free cat-
alogue. Be sure to specify the
type of computer you have.
Hex Converter
You've probably covered this
several times already, but I'd
like to have a short program
that will let me convert deci-
mal numbers to hexadecimal
on my 64.
BRAD STAPLETON
LIMA, OHIO.
We have printed a number of
conversion programs over the
years, but it's a common re-
quest. Here's a version that
does what you ask followed
by one that converts from hex
to decimal.
10 INPUT“{CLR}DECIMAL NUM-
BER TO CONVERT"; DC
20 HX$ =‘ ": DC=DC/4096: FOR
K=1T04: DC%=DC: HX$= HX$+
CHRS (48+DC%-(DC%>9)*7)
30 DC=16*(DC-DC%): NEXT
40 PRINT{DOWN} HEX EQUIV-
ALENT IS ";HX$
10 INPUT‘{CLR}HEX NUMBER TO
CONVERT”; HXS
20 DC=0; FOR K=1TOLEN(HX$):
DC%=ASC(HX$): DC%=DC%-
48+(DC%>64)*7
30 HX$=MIDS$(HXS,2): DC=16*
DC+DC%: NEXT
40 PRINT'{DWN}DECIMAL EQUIV-
ALENT IS ";DC
For a full-featured conversion
program that allows you to
convert between any number-
ing system from base 2
through base 64, see Number
Base Conversions by Bruce
Bowden in this issue's pro-
gram listings.
Colorful Subroutines
| use a lot of subroutines
when | program. | usually set
them off with REM statements
or lines that contain only co-
lons, but I'd like to make
them stand out even more so
| can quickly locate them. |
once saw a program listing
whose routines appeared in
various colors. How can | use
this effect in my programs?
WINSTON SALE
SAN ANTONIO, TX
When you write a PRINT state-
ment and want to change
text colors, you press the Ctrl
key and one of the number
keys to select the desired col-
or. When in quote mode, if
you press Ctrl-2 for white, a re-
verse E appears on screen.
Press Ctrl-3 for red, and a re-
verse British pound sign (£) ap-
pears. These symbols are the
computer's color tokens, You
can use these tokens to
make different sections of a
program listing appear in dif-
ferent colors.
First, load into memory or
write a short program to use
as a test. Then decide which
tokens represent the colors
you want. Let's use white and
red in this example and arbi-
trarily select the lines after
line 25 to appear in white and
the lines after line 55 to ap-
pear in red.
Type the following line, but
do not press Return.
25 REM”
After typing the second
quote, press the Del key
once to delete it. This makes
sure you are not in quote
mode.
Now hold down the Ctrl
key and press the 9 key (Rvs
On). This turns on reverse
character mode. Now press
Shift-M. This prints a reversed
back slash, which is the token
for Return. Now enter the key
that prints the color token for
your desired color. In this
case we want the listing to ap-
pear in white, so press the E
key (not Ctrl-2) to print that to-
ken. Then press Return. Line
25 should look like this:
25 REM“
This REM line will call for a col-
or change to white.
Repeat the process at the
next subroutine where you
want a color change, line 55
in this example. To change it
to red, repeat the process,
but press the pound key to
produce the token (£) for red.
That line should look like this:
55 REM
Now list your program.
Lines up through 25 should
be in the color that your cur-
sor was when you typed
LIST. At line 25 you should
see REM" followed by a
blank line with the text up to
line 56 in white.
At line 55 you should see
another REM", a blank line,
and then the remaining text
printed in red.
Send your questions and com-
ments to Gazette Feedback,
COMPUTE Publications, 324
West Wendover Avenue,
Suite 200, Greensboro, North
Carolina 27408. a)
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE
A source for
old software, another
hexadecimal
converter, and program
listings in
different colors
G-15
Bill Lang with
multimedia authors
Attallah Price
(left), Sara Comstock,
G-16
Mariko Hachiya,
and Dana Clifford.
D'IVERSIONS
Fred D'Ignazio
MULTIMEDIA
ILLUMINATIONS
IBM asked me to present its II-
luminated Books and Manu-
scripts at the company's re-
cent EduQuest Executive Con-
ference in Atlanta. This prod-
uct is a collection of multime-
dia illuminated works that in-
clude Shakespeare’s Hamlet,
the essays titled “Black Elk
Speaks,” Martin Luther King's
1963 "Letter from a Birming-
ham Jail,”” Tennyson's poem
Ulysses, and the Declaration
of Independence. | have
ers, by you and me. The new
media is not meant to be an-
other spectacle. It's an oppor-
tunity for all of us—the mass-
es—to be’ artists, musicians,
sculptors, and composers.
So when IBM approached
me to demonstrate its prod-
uct, the last thing | wanted to
do was show it like a movie.
So | called up a fourth-grade
teacher, Bill Lang, and asked
him if he could organize a
field trip to my studio to see
how his nine-year-old kids
would do illuminating their
own original works using
IBM's product. Bill said yes,
watched the way people take
this magnificent product and
become humbled.
The product is so stunning,
so overwhelming, that you
feel timid and uncreative in
comparison. It's a little like en-
tering a giant sports arena, or
attending a Broadway play, or
watching Michael Jordan
swoop through the air toward
the basket, or gazing in awe at
the Grand Canyon.
But this feeling is wrong,
wrong, wrong! The new media
is not just a spectator sport for
millions of hyper-couch pota-
toes. It's going to be cheap,
fast, and easy to use. It
doesn't have to be crafted by
the likes of Lucas, Spielberg,
and Schwarzenegger. It can
be created by toddlers, teach-
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
and the rest is history.
In Atlanta, | presented the
fourth graders’ illuminated
works to hundreds of educa-
tors from all over America. On
a giant nine-foot screen with a
public-address system carry-
ing the children’s digitized voic-
es, | demonstrated letters
they had written to their newly
inaugurated president and
their poems about everyday
life, including Grover, Charlie
Brown, and ice cream. The chil-
dren's multimedia illumina-
tions were extraordinary. They
taped segments of President
Clinton's inaugural address
and keyed them to words in
their own letters. They cap-
tured clips of Maya Angelou's
magnificent inaugural-day po-
em and replayed her rich
voice ringing through the
crisp capital air.
But the high point was see-
ing and hearing the children's
own words. The children re-
hearsed their works and read
them proudly into the comput-
er microphone. And the words
themselves were exceptional—
free of sloppy misspellings, im-
mature constructions, and em-
barrassing imperfections. The
children had been writing all
year long under Mr. Lang's guid-
ance. They wrote every day in
class and for homework. They
wrote journals, biographies, po-
ems, letters, and short stories.
And it showed. Beneath all the
multimedia illumination, _ it
showed!
And it reminded me that
words are the basis for all our
thinking. The little voice that
speaks to each of us in the hol-
lows of our minds is a voice of
words, not images, pictures,
or music. We get the pictures,
too, if we're lucky. But first of
all come the words.
That started me thinking:
What will be the result if all lin-
guistic (or word-oriented) think-
ing is replaced by this multime-
dia Babel? What will we be like
if we lose the primacy of
words? What will happen if we
each think in a different, multi-
media tongue—some of us in
images, some in sounds?
Maybe writing, at least,
should be protected. Writing
doesn't have to be the end of
our young authors' creative ex-
pressions. They can use their
words as a launch pad from
which to illuminate their ideas.
They can link written words to
images, music, spoken
words, and movies to illustrate
and communicate rich and
complicated ideas. Writing, it
seems, is the basis for think-
ing. And Bill Lang's young writ-
ers have shown us some beau-
tiful thinking through their mul-
timedia illuminations but, most
of all, through the words that
they eloquently created.
The
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A superb interface includes pull-
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An options screen allows you to
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All 901/225-6-7-9
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KIT #3 (Part #DIA 15) for C64
Symptoms: No power up * Screen lock up ® Flashing colors * Game cartridge problems
Contains: ICs #PLA/82S100/906114, 6526, Commodore Diagnositician, Fuse, Chip Puller, 8 RAMs,
Schematic, Utility Cartridge & special diagnostic test diskette with 9 programs
An $87.50 value for only $29.95
KIT #4 (Part #DIA 16) for C64
Symptoms: Control Port * Sound ® Keyboard ® Serial device problems
Contains: ICs #6526, 6581, 8 RAMs, Commodore Diagnostician, Fuse, Chip Puller, Basic Schematic,
Utility Cartridge & special diagnostic test diskette with 9 programs
A $79.80 value for only $29.95
KIT #5 (Part #DIA 17) for 1541/1571
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Contains: ICs #6502, 6522, Fuse Chip Puller, Basic Schematic, Commodore Diagnostician & special
diagnostic test diskette with 9 programs
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KIT #1 (Part #DIA 14) for Amiga 500/2000
Kit corrects 28 symptoms and includes: Two 8520A CIA Chips, 8362, 8370, 8364, Chip Puller, Fuse,
Schematic, Diagnostician Booklet & The Fina! Test Diskette. A $224.00 Value for .. $99.50
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pages Pei
Tell a friend you’ve heard it through the Grapevine.
Circle Reader Service Number 145
Touch a single key
and watch your
monitor's screen
change instantly.
G-18
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Jim Butterfield
SCREEN SCREAMER
One of the first programs |
wrote to show the power of ma-
chine language was a
“screen screamer.” Touch a
key and the whole screen
changes instantly.
This version of the program
is for the 64. It works by pok-
ing screen memory directly.
That's not always a good idea,
but it’s fast and effective here.
The program is written two
different ways. The first is gen-
teel; the second is brute
force. We'll discuss their re-
spective merits later.
The approach is the same
in both cases. We call for a
character from the keyboard
by means of the GETIN subrou-
tine at hexadecimal FFE4. If a
key has been pressed, we
send a thousand copies of it
to screen memory. Here's the
genteel code.
2000 : JSR $FFE4 : TAX : BEQ
$2000
If a key has been received,
we store the screen address
($0400 on the Commodore
64) into an indirect pointer at
$FC/D.
LDY #$00 : STY $FC : LDY #$04:
STY $FD
Here comes our big loop to
store 250 values; we call it
four times to get the 1000
screen memory locations.
200E : LDY #$00
Here comes our little loop.
2010 : 91 FC STA ($FC),Y : INY :
CPY #S$FA : BCC $2010
We must bump our indirect
pointer 250 locations further
along. While we're doing the
arithmetic, the value in A may
be pushed to the stack.
PHA : CLC : LDA SFC : ADC #$FA
: STA SFC
LDY $FD : BCC $2024 : INY
2024: STY $FD : PLA
The big loop tests to see if
the indirect address has
gone outside limits. If not, the
program loops back.
CPY #$08 : BCC $200E
The key is now tested to see
if it's a Return key being
pressed. If not, we wait for an-
other key. Otherwise, we exit
the program.
CMP #$OD : BNE $2000
RTS
The above code wouldn't be
hard to modify for differently
sized screens. That's what
makes it genteel. It could be
made even better, however,
by having it loop 25 times,
each loop clearing 40 charac-
ters (one screen line). That
way, the change to other
screen aspects would be
even simpler.
Here's the brute force meth-
od of programming.
3000 : JSR $FFE4 : TAX : BEQ
$3000
This time, there’s only one
loop, containing four instruc-
tions that smash the data into
the screen area.
LDY #$00
The four addresses need to
be calculated carefully. Once
in, they do the job efficiently.
3008 : STA $0400,Y : STA SO4FA,Y
: STA $O5F4,Y : STA $OGEE,Y
We walk the loop along in the
usual way with the Y register.
INY : CPY #$FA : BCC $3008
As before, we test to see if
the key pressed was Return.
If not, we wait for another key.
CMP #$0D : BNE $3000
RTS
This program is visibly shorter
than the previous one. It runs
faster, although the average
user isn't likely to notice the dif-
ference. But the program isn't
so easy to change to fit a new
screen configuration. An 80-
column screen, for example,
would need eight STA instruc-
tions in the loop.
If you have an older 64,
this program might show
some_ interesting effects.
Both the screen memory and
color arrangement were
changed a couple of times.
If it sets all screen charac-
ters to the same color, you
have a recent machine. If
some parts of the screen
show in white rather than the
current color, you have an orig-
inal 64. And if parts of the
screen don't seem to have
any characters, you have the
in-between machine. (The
characters are there, but
they're printed blue-on-blue.)
Here is a BASIC loader for
Screen Screamer. Watch the
screen change instantly as
you press various keys.
CB 190 DATA 32,228,255,176,240
250,160,0,132,252,166,
4,132,253,16¢,8
JB 110 DATA 145,252,200,192,25
@,144,249,72,24,165,252
7105,258,133,252
CE 126 DATA 164,253,144,1,266,
132,253,104,192,8,144,2
27,201,13,208,209,96
BM 200 DATA 32,228,255,176,240
+250,160,0,153,0,4,153,
259,4
KD 210 DATA 153,244,5,153,238,
6,200,192,250,144,239,2
@1,13,208,227,96
FX 300 FOR J=8192 TO 8239
DS 316 READ X:T=T+X
DD 320 POKE J,X
PP 330 NEXT J
CE 356 FOR J=12288 TO 12317
EC 366 READ X:T=T+X
XE 378 POKE J,X
HS 386 NEXT J
BQ 396 IF T<>1213@ THEN STOP
DH 480 PRINT "SCREEN SCREAMER
{SPACE}..."
PP 410 PRINT “(PRESS RETURN TO
END)"
BS 420 INPUT "PROGRAM 1 OR 2";
Pp
DH 430 S=G
CC 440 IF P=1 THEN S=8192
KQ 450 IF P=2 THEN S=12288
XM 468 IF S=G GOTO 426
CE 470 sys S 0
The Gazette
Productivity _
Manager
Harness the productivity
power of your 64 or 128!
Turn your Commodore into
a powerful workhorse, keep track
of finances, generate reports
in a snap, manage your
money in minutes—
all with the
Gazette Productivity
Manager! Look at all
your 64/128 Productivity
Manager disk contains.
GemCale 64 & 128—
A complete, powerful, user-
friendly spreadsheet with all
the features you’d expect
in an expensive commercial package
(separate 64 and 128 versions are included).
Most commands can be performed with a single keypress!
Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown
database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a
truly simple computerized address file. Just type in
your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit?
Just use the standard Commodore editing keys.
Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be
easier?
Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions
YOUR GAZETTE
PRODUCTIVITY
MANAGER
TODAY!
(MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20).
oO YES! Please send me __ Productivity Manager disk(s)
($14.95 each).
Subtotal
concerning interest, investments, and money manage-
ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You
can plan for your children’s education and know
—___— Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro-
priate sales tax for your area. Canadian orders, add
7% goods and services tax.)
——— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00
exactly how much it will cost and how much you need
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surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.)
___— Total Enclosed
— Check or Money Order — MasterCard — VISA
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Name
Address
City
State, ary
Province Postal Code
Send your order to Gazette Productivity Manager,
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408.
Ty these
wild sound effects
on your 64,
and then send us
your own.
G-20
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
PROGRAMMER’S PAGE
Randy Thompson
PLAY IT
AGAIN, VINCE
This column might look famil-
iar to some of our longtime
readers, but when we first pub-
lished this collection of wild
sound effects written by Vince
Tagle, we accidentally mixed
some of the program listings
with those from a previous col-
umn—oops! While it took us a
while to discover our error, |
think you'll find these sounds
for the 64 well worth the wait.
THREE REASONS
XE 16 REM THREE REASONS
KE 20 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:P
OKE 54276,23
F1=106:F2=4
FOR Z=1 TO 3:POKE
{SPACE}54287,F2
FOR Fl=1 TO 269
POKE 54273,F1:F2=F
2+.01
NEXT F1,Z
POKE 54278,15
RINGING ALARM
FC 18 REM RINGING ALARM
KE 26 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:P
OKE 54276,23
POKE 54287,40
FOR Z=1 TO 7
FOR F1=255 TO @ ST
EP -6:POKE 54273,F
1:NEXT Fl
FOR F1=8 TO 255 ST
EP 26:POKE 54273,F
1:NEXT F1,Z
KS 88 POKE 54278,15
HARMONICS
BP 106 REM HARMONICS
KE 26 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
MX 30
FM 46
HD 56
SD 66
EP 76
FP 38 AD=15:SR=199
AQ 46 POKE 54284,AD:POKE
54291,AD:POKE 542
92,SR
HX 5@ POKE 54283,21:POKE
54296,23
DB 68 FOR F1=269 TO 1 ST
EP -16:POKE 54273,
Fl
RB 70 FOR F2=200 TO 1 sT
EP -50:FOR F3=1 TO
4:POKE 54286,F2:P
OKE 54287,F3
MQ 806 NEXT F3,F2,F1l
FJ 96 FOR Q=15 TO G STEP
-1:POKE 54296,Q:N
EXT Q
FALLING STAR
EQ 10 REM FALLING STAR
KE 20 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,4:POKE
{SPACE}54278,12
F2=150:Q=59
FOR Z=1 TO 59
F1=INT (100*RND(1))
+10:POKE 54276,23
FOR T=1 TO Q:NEXT
{SPACE}T
POKE 54273,F1:POKE
54287,F2:POKE 542
76, 26:Q=Q-1:F2=F2-
3
KD 36
PE 48
PF 56
KJ 66
JJ 76
AB 80
SB 96 NEXT Z
CG 180 POKE 54273,30:POK
E 54286,
LAST XITHER
EC 1@ REM LAST XITHER
KE 20 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:P
OKE 54276,23
F1=16
FOR Z=1 TO 24:F2=3
@:POKE 54273,F1
FOR Y=1 TO 16:POKE
54287,F2:F2=F2*1,
G1:NEXT Y
F1=F1+8
NEXT Z
POKE 54278,15
STAR WALKER
BF 1@ REM STAR WALKER
KE 26 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:P
OKE 54276,23
FOR Z=1 TO 2:F1=16
FOR Y=1 TO 6:F2=16
?POKE 54273,Fl
FOR X=1 TO 4:POKE
{SPACE}54287,F2:F2
=F2*1.02:NEXT X:F1
=F1*1,2
FOR W=l TO 8:F2=20
tPOKE 54273,F1
FOR V=l1 TO 3:POKE
{SPACE}54287,F2:F2
=F2*1,2
MX 30
Qx 46
AJ 56
PD 66
MX 30
SJ 46
PE 56
GJ 68
PD 76
FC 80
MQ 96 NEXT V:F1=F1/1.2:N
EXT W,Z
RH 106 POKE 54278,15
HYPER WARP
GM 106 REM HYPER WARP
KE 26 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:eP
OKE 54276,21
Fl=2
FOR Z=1 TO 24:F2=8
@:POKE 54273,F1
FOR Y=1 TO 5:POKE
{SPACE}54287,F2:F2
=F2*1.1
NEXT Y:F1=F1+9:NEX
TZ
KS 80 POKE 54278,15
STAR PRINTER
PE 30
PM 46
QD 54
FB 66
SF 76
AD 16 REM STAR PRINTER
KE 20 FOR L=54272 TO 542
95:POKE L,@:NEXT:P
OKE 54296,15
POKE 54277,8:POKE
{SPACE}54278,255:P
OKE 54276,23
MX 36
xc 46
BX 56
:POKE 54273,F1l
FOR X=1 TO 5:POKE
{SPACE}54287,F2:F2
=F2*1.5 :NEXT X:F1
=F1*6.8
FOR W=1 TO 12:F2=2
6:POKE 54273,F1
FOR V=1 TO 6:POKE
{SPACE }54287,F2:F2
=F2*G.8
NEXT V:F1=F1/1.2:N
EXT W,Z
RH 168 POKE 54278,15
BP 66
AP 76
HX 86
MQ 99
More, Please
| know there are more audio
hackers lurking out there with
some cool sound effects
How about sending them in
and sharing them with our
readers? Our address is list-
ed below.
“Programmer's Page" is inter-
ested in your programming
tips and tricks. Send all sub-
missions to Programmer's
Page, COMPUTE's Gazette,
324 West Wendover Avenue,
Suite 200, Greensboro, North
Carolina 27408. We pay $25-
$50 for each tip that we pub-
lish in Gazette. a)
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KeyDOS ROM Version 2 is here!
The KeyDOS ROM is a chip for the empty socket inside your C128 that adds more than 40
powerful features. KeyDOS is available instantly as soon as you switch on your 128!
KeyDOS is loaded with useful tools to simplify file access on multiple drive systems without typ-
ing file names—all major DOS functions included. Select multiple files for copying, viewing,
printing, renaming or scratching. ASCIVCBM/Screen code converter. Full support for 1581
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Circle Reader Service Number 244
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res, Full color, 128 - 80 column mode only.
Full color 40 and 80 column modes.
a 80 columns.
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REU u users: Battery Back | any 17x, or GEORAM, with the ‘BBU Use v with » GEOS (V1.3 up),
RAMDOS or other programs that use REUs. Great for BBS. No heavy power supply needed.
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mechanical drives. Supports all drive types, multiple partitions and altemate DESKTOPs.
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+ RUN Oct. 1991
= 1 Paint lets you create on a 640 by 400 pixel screen— that’s
I= Interlace! ATLEAST DOUBLE the size used by one ea ics software!
T= Incredible! |Pan''s \atertace screen offers the unique ability to blend colors for
= 65,536 APPARENT COLORS!
Supports 24 pin, COLOR, & LASER Printers, & RAM Expansion!
I >) ee 1Paint
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Import GIF, MAC, GEOS, Basic8, Doodle, Print Shop!
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G-21
GeoPublish is a
powerful and exciting
G-22
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
GEOS
Steve Vander Ark
IMAGES IN LAYERS
No desktop publishing pro-
gram or word processor can
do as much with a blank
sheet of paper as geoPublish.
It's an amazing program, but
it's also one of the more com-
plicated programs around.
As aresult, this program gen-
erates plenty of questions and
plenty of frustrated users.
This is because geoPublish
pushes the limited resources
of the 64 more than any other
program. The result is a great
program, but one that has a
few quirks. So read on for the
lowdown on that wonderful,
powerful, exciting, and some-
times downright baffling mar-
vel called geoPublish.
One of the key concepts be-
hind geoPublish is the way it
handles graphics. Most users
come to geoPublish fresh
from experiences with ge-
oPaint. But geoPaint uses an
entirely different type of graph-
ics manipulation, and anyone
who approaches geoPublish
expecting geoPaint will be
quickly confused.
Bear in mind that geoPaint
is a bitmap editor, a program
that lets you create patterns of
dots in the shape of whatever
you want to draw. Think of the
geoPaint page as a large
sheet of graph paper with tiny
squares. You create pictures
by using the various graphics
tools to fill in the little squares
to create dots. In fact, if you
zoom in while you're in pixel ed-
it mode, you'll see the grid
that looks like graph paper,
and you can fill or erase the
dots with the cursor.
Everything you create with
geoPaint is a large pattern of
dots. Tools such as the poly-
gon or the spray can fill in the
dots to make whichever
shape or design they're pro-
grammed to make. Even the
text tool just fills in dots to
make whichever letter you
choose. If you want to change
something on a geoPaint
page, you have to eradicate it
dot by dot. If you create one
thing on top of another, the
new image replaces the old.
All that sounds pretty
straightforward, but there's a
big difference between the
way geoPaint handles images
and the way geoPublish does
it. GeoPublish uses what are
called object-based graphics.
This means that a geoPublish
page doesn't exist as a large
grid of dots but as a set of in-
dividual, mathematically de-
fined shapes all lying in layers,
Each shape or object is a sep-
arate entity, even if it's placed
near or on top of another to cre-
ate a larger image. Every im-
age on a page is an object.
The fact that the image is
stored in memory as a mathe-
matical equation instead of a
grid of dots has many advan-
tages. For example, if you
want the object to be bigger,
you can resize it by mathemat-
ically changing the equation.
Make a geoPaint object big-
ger, and you'll see jaggies
where the individual dots
have been enlarged. A ge-
oPublish object is redrawn by
the program using larger num-
bers, so there are no jaggies.
Even more helpful is the
fact that you can change an ob-
ject without changing any-
thing around it. In fact, since
each object has its own layer,
changes won't affect anything
under or above that object. If
you want a line to be thicker,
for example, you simply pick
itup from the page, change it,
and then put it back. A piece
of text can be changed from
one font or style to another with-
out affecting the filled rectan-
gle below it or even leaving a
hole where the text used to
be. Everything on a geoPub-
lish page is adjustable, which
means you can play with a
page until every element is per-
fect. Go back to geoPaint and
you'll miss this flexibility.
I've mentioned layers a few
times. That's a concept that
causes problems for people.
After all, once you've plopped
down a dozen objects to get *
the effect you want, it's easy
to forget that the whole thing
isn't just one big picture as it
would be in geoPaint. The com-
puter has no idea what you've
created, so when you pull out
an object near the bottom to
make an adjustment and then
put it back, the computer puts
it on top. That's why, if you've
just altered it, a drop shadow
you created when you started
now covers everything.
This happens a lot, and it re-
ally throws people. Here's an-
other example. Suppose you
laid down a dark gray rectan-
gle and then placed some
text in white on top of it. You'd
have a great-looking effect.
But if you pick up the rectan-
gle, change its color to black,
and then put it back down, the
text will be gone. Where is it?
It's underneath. How can you
find it again? Select the box
and then select the Move to
Back tool from the toolbox.
The box is now placed at the
bottom of the stack, and the
text becomes visible again. Of
course, if you simply pick up
and move the box, you still
won't see the text because it's
white text on a white back-
ground. See how the confu-
sion starts?
Next month I'll talk about
some of the other quirks of
this wonderful program. I'll run
through the various ways a
bitmapped geoPaint image
can be incorporated into your
object-based —geoPublish
page. I'll also talk about the dif-
ferent modes you can use in
geoPublish. In the meantime,
break out your copy of geoPub-
lish and give it another try.
Make a few posters or a news-
letter just for the sake of trying
things out. Don't let this pow-
erful and exciting program
gather dust on a shelf! o
Only $214.95
Fun Crachi
FUN G a ete PF aa Is ie f
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Circle Reader Service Number 260
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A powerful word processing
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and 128 owners
A Great Deal for Commodore
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° SpeedScript for the 64
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* Spelling checkers
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° Date-and-time stamp
* 80-column preview for the 64
¢ Turbo save and load
¢ Plus more than a dozen other SpeedScript
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orders, add 7% good and services tax.
Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Program available only on 54-inch disks
Take a look at one of
the 64’s built-in
Control the user port.
G-24
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
BEGINNER BASIC
Larry Cotton
USER PORT ALARM
CLOCK
This month and next we'll take
a look at one of the Commo-
dore 64's superaccurate built-
in clocks and learn how to set
and read it in BASIC. At the re-
quest of a reader in Trinidad,
we'll write a short program
which uses that clock to con-
trol the user port.
We'll see how to control
each ofits eight lines independ-
ently, but what you control will
be strictly up to you.
The 64's two Time of Day
(TOD) clocks count in tenths
of a second and are as accu-
rate as the frequency of the
AC power that your computer
is plugged into. These clocks
are relatively easy to program.
We'll access the clock that us-
es memory registers 56328-
56331. (The other TOD clock
uses registers 56584-56587
and is accessed similarly.) To
set the clock, poke values into
the following registers.
Function Register
Hours 56331
Minutes 56330
Seconds 56329
Tenths of Seconds 56328
To read the clock, we'll peek at
these registers and print a digi-
tal clock on the screen based
on what's there. Then we'll use
an IF-THEN statement to take
some action when the “alarm”
goes off. Unlike a more sophis-
ticated machine language
clock that runs in the back-
ground, this one just counts
elapsed seconds, and you
can't do anything else while the
clock is displayed. Here's the
program listing.
DS 40 PRINTCHR$ (147) :POK
E53281,14:POKE646,
6
KR 50 PRINT"SET CLOCK AT
:{DOWN}"
XC 60 R=8:GOSUB299:K=432
0G
GX 70 IFIS$="PM"THENX=K
FD
HA
SG
BJ
XX
MD
HG
DE
KE
RA
HP
PG
CE
80 FORI=1T03:H=INT (T (
1) /10) :L=T (1) -16*H
21 (I) =16*H+L:NEXT
C=56331:POKEC,T (1)
: POKEC-1,T (2) : POKE
C-2,7(3)
PRINT" {DOWN}ACTIV
ATE USER PORT AT:
{DowN}"
R=18:GOSUB296
IFIS="PM"THENY=K
B=Y+T (1) *36G0+T (2
)*60+T (3)
PRINT" {DOWN} PRESS
ANY KEY TO START
CLOCK. {DOWN}
GETAS$:IFA$=
150
POKEC-3,0
H=PEEK (C) :M=PEEK (
C-1) :S=PEEK(C-2):
T=PEEK(C-3)
C1S$=CHRS ( (16ANDH)
/16+48) +CHRS ((15A
NDH) +48)
H=VAL (C1$) *3606
IFC1S$="G0"THENC1S
="]Q"
C2S=CHRS ( (24GANDM
)/16+48) +CHRS((15
ANDM) +48) :M=VAL(C
2$) *60
C3S=CHRS ( (24GANDS
) /16+48) +CHRS((15
ANDS) +48) :S=VAL(C
3$)
A=X+H+M+S: IFA=2*K
THENPOKEC, 6: POKEC
-3,0:xX=0
IFA=BTHEN4 20
IFACKTHENJS="AM":
GOT0278
Js="_M"
PRINT" {WHT}TIME I
S "C1S+"2"4C2S+":
"4C3S+"2"T; 78+"
{up}"
GOTO176
HS=""": INPUT" HOURS
"ZHS: [FHS<"@"ORHS
>"9"THENPRINT"
{2 uP}":GoTo290
T (1) =VAL (HS) : IFT (
1) <GORT (1) >12THEN
PRINT" {2 UP}":GoT
0290
IFT (1) =12THENT (1)
=6
MS="": INPUT"
{DOWN} MINUTES" ;MS
2 [FM$<"G"ORMS>"9"
THENPRINT"{3 UP}"
:GOTO328
T (2) =VAL (MS) : IFT (
2) <@ORT (2) >SOTHEN
PRINT" {3 UP}":GOT
0320
S$="":INPUT"
{DOWN}SECONDS";s$
rIFSS<"G"ORSS>"9"
99
100
119
126
136
148
156
166
176
186
199
206
216
226
236
248
256
266
276
286
299
360
316
326
338
3468
THENPRINT"{3 UP}"
:GOTO346
T (3) =VAL(S$) : IFT (
3) <GORT (3) >S9THEN
PRINT"{3 UP}":GOT
0348
PRINT" {DOWNJAM OR
PM (PRESS A OR P
"
GETIS:IFIS<>"A"TH
ENIFIS<>"P"THEN37
G
IFIS="A"THENIS="A
M":GOTO406
1$="pM"
POKE214,R:PRINT:P
OKE211,24:PRINTIS
RETURN
PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN}
USER PORT ACTIVAT
ED."
When you run this program,
you're asked to enter three val-
ues and an A or P(for a.m. or
p.m.) to set the clock, which
will be accurate to the near-
est second. The values that
you enter can range from 0-
12 for hours and 0-59 for
both minutes and seconds.
It's not necessary to enter all
of the values as two digits.
For instance, to set 1:06 p.m.,
just type 7, 6, 0, and Pat the
four prompts. (Press Return af-
ter each number, but not after
P) To set 12:00:04 a.m. (four
seconds past midnight), type
12, 0, 4and A. | avoid setting
exactly noon or midnight be-
cause |'m never sure if the
time is a.m. or p.m. then.
Repeat this process to set
the time for the user port to
be activated. (Think of this as
the alarm.) Like a new alarm
clock, the port must be set to
activate within 24 hours of
starting the clock. Then press
any key to start the clock.
At the selected time for the
user port to be activated, the
alarm goes off, and you'll see
a message to that effect. How-
ever, the user port hasn't
been set up yet; more pro-
gramming is necessary.
Next month I'll explain the
program, discuss the user
port, and add the necessary
code that actually turns on
the user port lines. i]
GG 359
DC 360
HD 376
EE 380
FH
JD
398
408
EX
XD
416
420
PROGRAMS
Minesweeper
By Robert B. Cook
Minesweeper, despite its military-sound-
ing theme, is an ideal alternative to shoot-
‘em-up games. Rather than dealing with
destruction, this game for the 64 provides
you with excellent mental exercise.
You are presented with a grid that
must be cleared of hidden mines as quick-
ly as possible. Use a joystick in port 2 to
maneuver around the screen.
Minesweeper is written in machine lan-
guage, but it loads and runs like a BASIC
program. To enter it, use MLX, our ma-
chine language entry program. See “Typ-
ing Aids” elsewhere in this section.
When MLX prompts, respond with the fol-
lowing addresses.
Starting address: 0801
Ending address: 1400
Be sure to save the program before ex-
iting MLX.
Begin Play
After the opening screen, you'll be
prompted for the number of mines you
want hidden on the playing screen.
Move the joystick up and down to
change the numbers. You may select
16-64 mines. Press the fire button to be-
gin the game.
Start to play by exposing each of
the squares. Do this by placing the ar-
row on a square and pressing the fire
button. One of three things will happen
when you do. You'll uncover a blank
space, a number, or a mine.
If you expose a blank space, you
can be sure that there are no mines in
the immediate vicinity. If you uncover a
number, it indicates the number of
mines within the eight squares surround-
ing the number. For example, if you ex-
pose a 3, the squares surrounding it
might look something like the following.
es Veet
The 3 indicates that there are three
mines (indicated here by asterisks) bor-
dering this square. Of course, the
mines won't necessarily be in the posi-
tions shown here.
Exposing a mine will cause it to ex-
plode and subtract points from your
score. The amount deducted depends
on the number of mines you choose at
the start of the game. You lose 10
points each for 64 mines. The score var-
ies on up to 40 points each when you
have 16 mines on the board. Of
course, speed helps, too. You'll notice
that your score drops by one point for
every second of play.
Flag It
If you think that there is a mine at a par-
ticular square, you can flag it. Do this
by placing the arrow on that square
and pressing the F key. You can't ex-
pose a square when it is flagged. To un-
flag a square, press F again. It isn't nec-
essary to flag all of the mines to win
the game.
An All Clear siren will signal the end
of the game when you've exposed all
of the blank and numbered squares. If
you want to quit one game and play an-
other, press the Stop key. To quit the
game entirely, choose 00 for the num-
ber of mines.
Strategy
As you play, you may find yourself
stuck in one area. If that happens, try
working toward your goal from a differ-
ent direction.
MINESWEEPER
6801:15 68 46
G869:31 3A 52
@811:2E 39 32
9819:0B 20 BF
@821:3C GB 20
@829:03 4C 3C
G831:38 6C 26
G839:A5 B6 DG
6841:606 DC 29
@849:C9 1D FG
@851:C9 17 FO
@859:A5 CS C9
@861:FF DB D2
$869:29 64 GB
@871:C4 C6 BL
6879:G8 8D 61
6881:C9 OF FG
@889:01 DB 69
@891:D5 AS BO
@899:AD 68 DB
G8A1:BG C4 CE
@8A9:BG C9 OF
@8B1:AD 69 DG
@8B9:95 AC EE
@8C1:15 FO 55
@8C9:Bl FD AA
G8D1:29 46 FG
G8D9:02 AY 3F
i)
42
6a
OB
64
6B
oF
63
1F
32
53
15
4c
FO
38
De
Bl
68
FO
Eg
16
Fa
69
16
26
29
26
2¢
9E
43
66
20
6c
26
@D
4c
cg
cg
co
FO
34
cs
AD
DG
E6
8D
AG
16
DG
88
19
DG
74
36
AQ
D2
32
26
oo
98
AS
DB
26
6D
1E
1B
OF
61
@B
AS
1
E8
Bl
1
cé
8D
19
E6
8D
16
69
De
96
FF
36
56
26
gc
F7
Cc
EF
6B
FO
Fo
Fo
26
AG
Bl
DG
AS
18
DS
Bg
6G
BF
BG
9G
A7
AG
46
8D
AQ
@8E1:20
@8E9:20
@8F1:19
G8E9:02
G961:D2
9969:C6
9911:91
G919:20
@921:29
0929:22
6931:26
6939:20
G941:AG
@949:4C
@951:A9
@959:D2
6961:CD
9969:91
@971:4C
G979:G4
G981:FO
0989:85
6991:62
g999:18
G9A1:62
@9A9:B5
99B1:B2
69B9:88
G9C1:23
G9C9:385
@9D1:A5
G9D9:92
G9EL:FF
G9E9:A9
O9F1:C9
G9F9:A5
GAG1:60
GAG9:A9
GA11:6B
GA1L93A5
GA21:C6
GA29:22
GA31:B3
GA39:C9
GA41L: FE
@A49:8D
@A51:D4
@A59:66
GA61:81
GA69:D4
GA71:20
GA79:60
@A81:8D
GA89:A9
GA91:66
GA99:D4
@AA1:8D
GAAI:A9
GAB1:94
GAB9:AG
GAC1:99
@AC9:A9
GAD1:62
@AD9:D9
GAE1:GA
GAE9: 4G
GAF1:GF
GAF9:64
9BG1:68
9BG9:88
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE
1A
F2
EE
4E
85
F8
99
FO
2F
Al
DE
63
A3
4c
FB
86
68
81
3D
64
RE
SF
BB
AA
8E
80
CE
1D
44
D4
47
SF
D7
99
AB
47
63
86
co
54
66
23
A5
c4
A3
08
1B
4F
19
3F
Ag
6B
6E
9B
BC
7c
D8
D4
47
2E
EG
DE
91
E9
D6
3B
27
4P
51
c3
G-25
PROGRAMS
0B11:GA 26 B9 GA 20 64 OB A4 D7) GD41:B1l FD DG DE AY 49 91 FD 2B |GF71:26 C9 GD 12 C8 2G 26 26 FB
6B19:B4'B9 C3 14 C5 B3 96 G9 98| GD49:CA DB D7 A2 16 86 AS AY Bl |GF79:2G 26 26 A7 1F 26 26 20 a8
9B21:D6 11 B9 C4 16 CS B2 BG 15/@D51:F8 85 FD A9 13 85 FE AG F@ |GF81:2G 9C AS 26 2G 26 24 20 6F
6B29:GA AS B3 99 C3 16 AS B2 1A| 6D59:GF 84 A6 AD GO 85 A7 A2 93 | GF89:26 C9 GD 12 CB 20 20 26 14
@B31:99 C4 18 AJ BB 8D 15 DG 13/ gp61:07 AG 13 Bl FD DG 16 BC C@ |GF91:20 26 26 A7 IF AF AF AF GD
9B39:4C 23 G8 26 38 GC AD GA 74 | gD69:A9 10 Bl FD C9 46 DG G2 65 |GF99:AF 9C AS 26 2G 28 26 AD CF
@B41:A9 10 85 AS AM GC 85 D3 97/| gp71:E6 A7 CA 1G F2 AS A7 FO Bl |GFA1:26 C9 BD 12 CB 26 26 2G 2C
@B49:B9 FC GF FG GA 26 D2 FF E2/ gp79:04 AD 13 91 FD 18 A5 FD D2 |GFA9:26 26 20 26 26 26 20 20 C7
6B51:C8 C9 GD DO F3 FG ED 20 4C| gp81:69 G1 85 FD 96 G2 E6 FE 7A |GFB1:26 2G 26 26 2G 26 26 C9 79
6B59:7A GA 20 G4 GB 26 7A BA 4B | Gp89:C6 AG A4 AG 16 CD 18 AS 3D |GFB9:GD 12 C8 26 20 26 26 20 DF
@B61:20 94 GB C6 A5 DG FI AS 68 | gD91:FD 69 G2 85 FD 98 G2 E6 BA |GFC1:26 20 26 26 26 26 26 26 DF
GB69:B5 D® G3 4C E2 FC 68 AS 29) gn99:FE C6 AS DG BA 66 AY GG 51 |GFC9:2G 26 26 26 20 C9 GD 12 5A
9B71:06 8D GE DC 85 58 85 SA 6D] gpal:85 A2 85 F9 85 FA 85 BG 4B |GFD1:C8 28 26 26 20 29 55 53 El
9B79:A9 46 85 59 AS DB 85 5B D1) gpag:85 Bl 8D 16 DG AY 3F 8D DE |GFD9:45 20 4A 4F 59 32 20 26 D4
GB81:A9 33 85 G1 A2 G9 AG Gl 75] gpB1:G6 DB AY 6D 8D Gl DG AY C7 |GFE1:206 26 26 C9 BD 12 C6 C3 BA
6B89:20 EC A3 A9 37 85 G1 AI 75 | GpB9:G1 8D 15 D@ AY EB 85 B2 16 | GFE9:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 BB
9B91:61 8D GE DC A2 60 BD 18 C3/ gpcl:A9 G3 85 B3 85 B6 AO G2 BY | GFF1:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 18
9B99:11 9D 68 3C BD DG 1l 9D 55 | gpc9:8p 86 G2 AG BI A2 G2 18 85 | GFF9:C3 C7 BG 13 11 11 11 11 1D
GBA1:CG 3C BD 88 12 9D 78 3D 9C| gpp1:26 FG FF A9 GG AG FS 26 7F |19G1:11 11 11 11 11 11 9A GD 30
GBA9:BD 40 13 9D 30 3E E8 EG 18 | gpD9:CD BD AG 22 A2 G3 18 2G Fl |1999:12 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3Z A3 6G
9BB1:B8 DG E3 AS 1E 8D 18 DO 97 | gnE1:FO FF A4 B4 B9 C3 16 BE 18 |1911:A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 AZ AZ 31
@BB9:A9 CB 8D 19 63 68 AG 18 CD| gpE9:C4 18 26 CD BD 68 13 11 F1 |1019:A3 BD 12 26 26 26 26 26 74
$BC1:26 4D GA AQ 8F 8D 18 D4 CE| @pF1:1D 1D 12 1c C4 CA CA CA 97 |1621:26 26 42 59 26 26 26 2G 19
@BC9:A9 806 8D GE D4 8D GF D4 37| GDF9:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA 14 |1929:26 26 28 GD 12 26 26 26 A7
@BD1:8D 12 D4 AS BA BD 25 DO BA} GEG1:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA 1D |1631:28 26 26 28 26 26 206 20 51
@BD9:A9 GF 8D 26 D@ AY GB 8D 6D| GEG9:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA 25 |1939:26 20 20 26 20 GD 12 20 FG
6BE1:27 DG A9 GB 8D 17 DO 8D EC| GE11:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA C5 28 |1941:52 4F 42 45 52 54 20 42 61
6BE9:1D D@ 8D 1B D@ AY Bl 8D E2| GE19:GD 1D 1D 12 C8 4D 49 4E 24 |1949:DC 26 43 4F 4F 4B AG GD 33
@BF1:1C DG AG 3F BO D8 14 99 3D/ GE21:45 53 3A 36 30 28 20 B6 F7 |1951:12 26 26 26 26 26 26 20 6A
OBF9:80 G3 88 16 F7 AY GE 8D 33 | GE29:CC CD CE CF D@ Dl D2 CF 39 |1959:26 26 26 20 24 26 26 20 79
OCG1:F8 G7 AJ G4 85 B5 6G AY 3A | GE31:D3 D4 DS BS 20 26 53 43 ED |1G61:26 GD 12 26 24 20 29 20 FA
6CG9:93 20 D2 FF AY GB 8D 20 G2| Gf39:4F 52 45 3A 39 39 39 C9 CB /1969:20 26 26 20 20 26 20 20 89
6C11:Dd A9 G1 8D 21 DG AG FA 7D] GE41:6D 1D 1D 12 C8 46 4C 41 29 |1971:26 26 20 GD 12 20 26 20 EF
6C19:A9 AG 99 FF G3 99 F9 64 D7| GE49:47 53 3A 36 30 26 20 26 8A |1079:2G 2G 20 26 24 26 26 20 99
9C21:99 F3 G5 99 ED 66 AY GB 23 | GE51:3B7 BS D6 D7 D8 DY DA D7 8B /1G81:26 26 28 26 26 GD 12 20 39
D7 99 F9 D8 99 F3 FC| GE59:DB BS B7 26 20 20 26 48 94 |1989:2G 26 20 26 26 26 26 20 AQ
ED DA 88 D@ El AD F3| GE61:49 47 48 3A 30 38 38 C9 GD |1G91:26 26 20 24 24 26 26 BG 91
EF @D F@ 66 26 D2 41} GE69:GD 1D 1D 12 C6 C3 C3 C3 AB |1699:G6 16 18 26 28 36 38 40 75
DG FS A2 10 AG GB 9B} GE71:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 8D ]10A1:96 28 23 1E 19 14 GF BA 53
GE FO G6 28 D2 FF D4| GE79:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 95 |1GA9:26 25 24 14 12 G2 G1 GG 86
F5 CA D@ FG C8 BY G3 | GE81:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 9D |19B1:5C 5C 5E 5F 21 23 24 25 DB
FG G6 26 D2 FF C8 67| G£89:C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C7 AI |19B9:26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D D1
66 AG GG AD GA 85 B5| GE91:GD 11 1D 1D 12 1F C4 CA 4F |10C1:2E 2F GG GG GB BG GG GB C4
GE GE FG GA 26 D2 4F | GE99:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA B5 |19C9:66 G6 86 GO GB BB GG GG ED
C9 GD DG F3 FG ED EB/ GEAL:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA BD |16D1:61 G1 FG G1 41 11 F1 AA BD
GA A@ 2G 26 G4 OB E6| GEAQ:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA C5 |16D9:A8 GG 95 6C BB 95 BC GG 97
GA AQ G6 8D 86 G2 64] GEB1:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CD |1GE1:95 64 GG 95 58 GG 95 56 82
GE AG 13 26 FO FF 1D| GEB9:CA C5 GD @8 1D 1D 12 C8 98 |1GE9:G9 99 55 86 AE 55 60 BF 6E
BE 99 18 86 F7 86 EB/| SEC1:28 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl 37 |1GF1:95 BO F3 E6 FO CG FB CO 39
66 20 CD BD A5 B5 G1| GEC9:C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl 96 |1GF9:G0 3F GB GG BC GO BG GO 4A
AQ 30 20 D2 FF AG 88| BED1:C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl 98 |1141:06 GB GG BB GB BG BG GG 23
64 GB AD @G DC 29 6B| BED9:C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl AG |1199:06 68 GG BG GG GG BG BG 2B
GF FO 1C C9 1E FG Fl| GEE1:C2 28 C9 OD BG 1D 1D 12 32 /1111:06 60 G6 GG GO BO OG FF 33
1D FG GC DO ED A5 1F| GEE9:C6 C3 CB CB CB CB CB CB 81 |1119:83 19 G1 19 19 19 FF FF 22
87 F@ C3 E6 B5 18 4C} GEF1:CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB GE /1121:93 19 93 19 19 63 FF FF Dl
B5 F@ BB C6 B5 16 65| GEF9:CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 16 |1129:83 19 1F 1F 19 83 FF FF FF
B5 85 B4 C6 B4 66 6E| GFG1:CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 1F /1131:67 13 19 19 13 @7 FF FF 65
A9 F8 85 AS AQ GB 4A | GFG9:CB CB C3 C7 GG 13 11 11 74 /1139:01 1F @7 1F 1F @1 FF FF 73
85 A7 A9 13 85 A6 32 @F11:11 11 11 11 11 11 11 9C BA /1141:61 1F 67 1F 1P 1F FF FF F3
85 FC 85 A8 A2 12 82/ gF19:GD 12 C4 CA CA CA CA CA 69 /1149:83 1F 11 19 19 83 FE FF 7F
AQ 80 91 AS 88 16 26 | gF21:CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA 3F |1151:19 19 61 19 19 19 FF FF 25
A5 A5 69 12 85 AS 69 | OF29:CA CA CA CA CA C5 GD 12 FE |1159:83 C7 C7 C7 C7 83 FF FF FG
E6 A6 CA DO EO A2 3B | GF31:C8 26 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 2B |1161:Cl E3 £3 E3 23 87 FF FF 4F
OF AQ GG 91 A7 88 ED | GF39:26 4F 46 20 4D 49 4E 45 77 |1169:13 G7 GF 67 13 19 FF FF 26
18 AS A7 69 12 85 1C| gF41:53 3A 28 C9 BD 12 C8 26 9A /1171:1F 1F 1F 1F 1F @1 FF FF BD
62 E6 A8 CA DO EO DS | gF49:26 26 26 26 26 26 28 2G 67 |1179:39 11 G1 61 29 39 FF FF DA
AS FB 85 FD AS FC 6D | GF51:20 26 20 20 20 20 26 20 6F |1181:19 69 G1 11 19 19 FF FF DG
AD 1B D4 85 A7 AD E6 | 6F59:20 C9 GD 12 C8 26 29 20 E3 |1189:83 19 19 19 19 83 FF FF 3F
29 3F 18 65 FD 85 FE | 6F61:26 26 26 A7 1F B7 B7 B7 15 /1191:63 19 19 @3 1F 1F FF FF 44
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G-26 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
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Robert B. Cook lives in Watertown, Mas-
sachusetts.
TURBODOS
By Hong H. Pham
The 1541 disk drive is a remarkable de-
vice. It's very reliable, it has a wealth of
DOS commands, and it easily handles se-
quential and relative files. The only down-
side of the 1541 is its notoriously slow
speed. The 1571 is significantly faster
when used with a 128 in 128 mode, but
it's just as slow as the 1541 when used
with a 64.
TurboDOS can change all that so
you'll no longer have to wait very long to
load or save large programs. TurboDOS
commands speed loading, saving, and
verifying up to seven times faster than
DOS commands. In addition, TurboDOS
breaks the track-35 barrier, allowing you
to use all 40 tracks on a standard 51/4-
inch double density disk. With five more
tracks available, you'll have another 85
blocks at your disposal, a total disk capac-
ity of 749 blocks.
Getting Started
TurboDOS is written entirely in ma-
chine language. Enter it with MLX, our
machine language entry program. See
“Typing Aids" elsewhere in this sec-
tion. When prompted for the starting
and ending addresses, respond with
the following values.
Starting address: 0801
Ending address: 2238
Before exiting MLX, be sure to save a
copy of TurboDOS.
To run TurboDOS, load and run it
like a BASIC program. TurboDOS in-
stalls itself and then displays a startup
message. Note that the bottom of BA-
SIC RAM is raised to $2B01 (11009) to
provide a protected area for TurboDOS
to reside.
New Commands
In addition to speeding up disk access
times, TurboDOS adds 17 new com-
mands to BASIC. This makes disk ac-
cessing more convenient. For most Tur-
boDOS commands, it's not necessary
to give the device parameter. If no de-
vice number is specified, TurboDOS
will assume that you are using drive 8.
If you are using LOAD, SAVE, or VER-
IFY commands in immediate mode,
you can omit the device parameter fol-
lowing the filename. To use TurboDOS
commands in a BASIC program, they
must be preceded with a slash (/).
Because TurboDOS completely re-
programs the disk drive, 6 of the 17
new commands will not work on disk
drives which aren't 1541 compatible.
Those 6 commands are BLOCK, DIR,
FORMAT, LOCK, RENAME, and
START. If you try to use the above com-
mands on a non-1541-compatible
disk drive, TurboDOS will report a DE-
VICE NOT SUPPORTED error mes-
sage.
Seventeen Commands
Here are the new commands that you
can use with TurboDOS.
DIR “string”, device
DIR displays the disk directory on the
screen. Entering DIR by itself will dis-
play the entire directory. You can spec-
ify which files to display with the string
parameter. Wildcards are allowed.
BLOAD “filename”, device, starting ad-
dress
BLOAD loads a binary file and puts it
at a specified location. If you don't spec-
ify the starting address, BLOAD will
use the location specified by the file.
BSAVE “filename”, device, starting ad-
dress, ending address
Use BSAVE to save a file to a device
from a specified memory location.
RESAVE “filename”, device
When updating a BASIC program, you
will have to scratch it before you can re-
save it. RESAVE does all this in one
step by scratching the file first and
then saving it.
FORMAT “ID”,“‘disk name”, device
Because normal DOS cannot format
tracks beyond 35, TurboDOS also is a
custom disk formatter. A disk will for-
mat in about ten seconds. Use any two
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-27
PROGRAMS
ASCII characters for the ID and up to
16 characters for the disk name.
BLOCK mode, track, sector, buffer, ID
flag, device
BLOCK is like DOS's B-R or B-W com-
mands, To read a sector, set mode to
0. To write, set mode to 1. Buffer indi-
cates which location TurboDOS
should put the sector to or which loca-
tion to get data from when performing
a read or write operation.
Because TurboDOS cannot tell if a
new disk has been placed into the
drive, an ID MISMATCH error message
may appear when you use this com-
mand. If a new disk has been placed
into the drive, set the ID flag parameter
to 1. Set it to 0 for any other consecu-
tive read or write attempts to the same
disk. It isn't always best to set the ID
flag to 1 for all read or write attempts.
TurboDOS will take an extra second to
identify the disk, and the extra seconds
will add up.
You can omit the ID parameter, and
it will have the same effect as setting
ID to 0. For example, to read track 18,
sector 0 and then put the sector's con-
tents at location $4000 (16384), type in
BLOCK 0, 18,0, 16384, 1. To write this
sector to track 35, sector 16, type in
BLOCK 1,35, 16, 16384,
DISK “command string”, device
DISK sends a disk command or dis-
plays the drive status. If entered by it-
self, the drive status will be displayed.
SCRATCH “filename”, device
SCRATCH erases a file or multiple
files from the disk directory. When us-
ing a TurboDOS formatted disk, you
should use this command instead of
the familiar SO: from DOS.
COLLECT device
COLLECT is much like DOS's VO com-
mand. It validates the disk, updates
the BAM, and deletes any splat files
from the directory.
RENAME “old name”
name", device
Use RENAME to change the name of a
file on the disk directory.
TO “new
LOCK “filename”, mode, device
A locked file cannot be scratched. To
G-28 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
lock a file, set mode to 0. Using wild-
cards, you can lock just one file or the
entire directory.
LOCK can also unlock files. Set
mode to 1 to unlock. If you omit the
mode parameter, TurboDOS will as-
sume that you want to lock a file.
START “filename”, device, new load ad-
dress
START displays a program's load ad-
dress or changes it. If-you wish to see
the program's load address only, omit
the last parameter.
TRACK highest track, directory track
You can set the highest track that Tur-
boDOS will use or which track the di-
rectory is on by using TRACK. If en-
tered by itself, the highest track and
the directory track will be displayed.
If the head chatters when approach-
ing track 40 on your disk drive, you
should lower the highest track number
to 39 or 38.
SKEW sector interleave, directory sec-
tor interleave
Files will load faster if they are saved at
an optimum sector interleave. Tur-
boDOS saves files at a 1 : 7 sector in-
terleave, and it also saves the directory
at a1: 7 sector interleave. However,
some other fastloaders will work faster
if you change the sector interleave val-
ue to 1:6.
DEFAULT device
TurboDOS usually defaults to drive 8
when no device number is specified,
but you can change the default device
with this command.
COLOR border, background, cursor
COLOR is used to set the border, back-
ground, and cursor color to your own
preference. Use the Commodore color
numbers 0-15.
KILL
KILL disables TurboDOS, and it re-
stores the former load, save, and BA-
SIC vectors.
Odds and Ends
When using TurboDOS commands
which require a filename, such as
LOAD, SAVE, LOCK, and SCRATCH,
you should not specify the drive num-
ber. For example, you should not type
LOAD "0;*", 8. Instead, you should
just simply type LOAD “*". TurboDOS
will literally look for a file whose name
is actually 0:*, and you will get a FILE
NOT FOUND error message.
If you are using wildcards with Tur-
boDOS, you cannot specify the file
type. For example, DIR “*=S" will not
display all sequential files on disk.
Although TurboDOS can access
tracks 35 and beyond, it will not check
for illegal tracks, tracks higher than 40.
If TurboDOS encounters such errors, it
will noisily slam the head against the
headstop trying to look for a track that
doesn't exist. If this happens, type
OPEN 15,8, 15,"/0", and this will usual-
ly get your drive back in working order.
When scratching or collecting a Tur-
boDOS formatted disk, you should use
TurboDOS's SCRATCH or COLLECT
command, rather than DOS's. Normal
DOS will not scratch files or validate
your disk properly if there are files
saved beyond track 35. Although Tur-
boDOS has its own disk-format routine
to provide you with optimum storage
space, this doesn’t mean that you'll
have to set aside several disks for ex-
clusive TurboDOS use. TurboDOS can
distinguish between regular format or
TurboDOS format by looking at the
third byte on track 18, sector 0, and it
will act accordingly.
TURBODOS
@891:0B 68 70 17 SE 32 34 30 6E
G869:37 G6 GB BB 2G 20 26 26 96
9811:28 26 26 20 20 AB C4 BO G6
9819:3C G8 99 F8 GG BO FD 68 F6
G821:99 33 03 88 DG Fl AG 9 4c
@829:B9 GC 68 99 FF 63 88 DG Al
@831:F7 A9 FD 85 2D A9 28 85 AS
9839:2E 4C 60 G1 1B E6 03 FD FB
9841:28 AD 26 B9 6E G9 99 EB 24
9849:07 C8 DG F7 EE 62 G1 BE 19
$851:65 61 C6 F9 D@ ED A2 G3 23
9859:26 34 63 F@ 33 C9 B67 DB 95
$861:16 A2 G1 20 34 63 DB BA AG
G869:A2 64 26 34 G3 18 69 67 65
9871:19 G5 A2 GA 26 34 63 85 1D
6879:A8 A5 A7 85 AQ AS FE 85 FB
@881:F7 A5 FF 85 F8 26 6C 63 73
9889:A5 F8 85 FF A5 F7 85 FE 72
9891:E8 29 34 63 DG 1E A2 68 21
$899:26 34 G3 AB G2 84 AB 85 2A
G@8A1:A6 18 A5 FC 65 A6 85 F7 58
G@8A9:A5 FD 65 A7 85 F8 20 6C EF
98B1:03 4C 13 61 E8 26 34 63 FB
G8B9:D8 1C AG G3 84 AB EB 29 36
G8C1:34 G3 FG G8 A2 G8 20 34 F4
G8C9:03 4C 5C G1 A2 BC 20 34 C3
@8D1:63
@8D9:34
G8E1:18
G8E9:34
G8F1:03
G8F9:20
G9G1:A7
G909:26
9911:66
6919:85
G921:FF
G929:FF
G931:61
0939322
G941:C6
G949:A8
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G959:A9
G961:F8
9969:61
G971:36
G979:26
9981:31
9989:2F
9991:43
9999307
G9A1:3F
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69B1:36
G9B9:66
G9C1:68
G9C9:63
G9D1:47
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G9E1:7F
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G9F1:8F
G9F9:96
GAG1:26
GAG9:7F
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GA19:A2
@A21:75
@A29:15
GA31:A6
@A39:5A
@A41:ED
GA49:E3
GA51:20
GA59:D7
GA61:4C
GA69:16
GA71:62
GA79:64
GA81:AE
GA89:A6
GA91:04
GA99:A2
GAA1: 63
GAAI: 26
GAB1:D@
GAB9:54
GAC1:19
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@B81:63
@B89:27
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GB99:C9
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GBC1:04
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GOBE9: 36
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GC29:98
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GC39:AF
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GC71:B2
GC79:CA
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6c89:98
6C91:66
6C99:BB
GCA1:94
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GCC9:16
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@F19:82
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GF29:AC
GF31:3C
OF39:11
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GF49:9A
GF51:6D
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8E 88 28 14 89
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08 68 AA C7 96
97 8C BG C2 62
72 94 26 28 EG
GA FO G2 CA 67
52 OB 85 82 61
CB GF 5A 7E FS
4C $B 8D Bl AQ
96 86 19 58 SF
8E A7 18 8E 62
38 EE 18 28 6C
EB @D 28 67 @D
15 81 66 BS 77
@8 78 6D 6C AC
@D AE 79 1A DD
BO FA BD 75 1A
8A 9D 66 29 E8
@6 4F 51 El 51
3A 28 3C C8 73
13 68 39 39 5B
CE 5F C9 68 4E
26 75 GE 48 39
68 19 41 81 1E
93 70 OE EE F7
15 96 66 8D 81
38 69 FF 8D 96
3D 41 GE 98 29
66 Dl AG 38 8C
8E CD 12 70 A6
Cl 66 26 G7 65
AD 7D 1A 3A 95
87 6D 23 34 8D
89 8D 53 AD AC
G4 38 ED Dl 31
13 5B 6A C8 CC
D9 4F FG Fl AD
12 AD A5 56 63
15 Dl 56 84 7A
@G 2A DO 2E 6G
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E4 90 E2 BO FG
@D BG B8 EC 18
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D@ C9 FG D7 28
51 17 F8 87 A8
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5D FO 84 4C 52
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C8 61 42 8G 7E
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8F ED F3 95 E3
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GA 84 72 D6 46
G8 50 C4 AG 26
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GC E5 63 88 68
96 88 DB 75 56
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE
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G-29
PROGRAMS
GF61:88 38 6G 1A 2F 1A 2G AO 47)1191:GE AS E8 88 DG F2 2C Bl E6 | 13C1:52 4F 52 83 1B AD 81 1A 14
GF69:46 A2 Gl GF 83 8E 9A 21 11/1199:1A 36 64 AD 2A DG G7 5G E2 | 13C9:C9 62 DB DI CC 84 Bl Bl 52
GF71:A9 64 A2 27 54 55 GC 9F DB|11A1:83 A9 3C 2C B2 F7 C3 76 67 | 13D1:4E 4F 54 67 4F 22 F8 44 2D
GF79:18 78 7C E2 G6 Fl Gl 33 AC/11A9:AG 1F 50 F3 88 CH 6C 26 6D | 13D9:52 91 C9 63 DG 12 19 51 4F
GF81:C3 98 D9 24 90 F6 93 29 93]11B1:C2 93 GD AB BG BD 20 El SF | 13E1:24 26 45 58 E7 2D 54 53 46
GF89:9C FG 1C 18 AS 26 B4 46 A6|11B9:58 GB 20 62 C9 26 DG G5 66 | 13E9:16 Bl B6 AC G2 FF CG 21 DB
GF91:26 90 G3 E6 27 18 AD G8 B2/11C1:50 96 29 FG FB G5 OB 24 19 | 13F1:55 2B B5 4A 30 C4 82 C3 46
GF99:4E 69 26 55 1B 1A 96 C7 BC|11C9:38 D5 BG 72 C5 12 46 93 45 | 13F9:10 A9 2C 17 78 AD 83 F5 61
GFA1:EE 1C EC 24 2D 8E 9D 106 @D|11D1:85 G2 B3 12 56 16 81 9F 4C | 1401:98 BB 53 GA 84 46 63 G4 9E
GFA9:94 C6 1E 4C A8 FF C8 C@ E3|11D9:63 G7 27 4A 6C C4 Dl DB EE | 1409:47 Al G5 34 C8 El 3E GA 75
GFB1:33 BA @3 AE 8E 21 EC Gl 37|11E1:1A 1A 46 39 1E 45 22 52 96 | 1411:25 68 74 CO 17 3A A@ 82 CD
GFB9:S5F B@ A2 22 7C D4 G7 AO 19|11E9:44 GB 88 47 3E 49 4E 60 8A | 1419:28 10 38 SC A5 28 18 AG CA
@FC1:65 85 BE 27 F4 Cl C6 BE 99|11F1:E9 1E 11 8C 72 D8 83 66 DO | 1421:81 23 A5 29 85 AF 28 86 CB
GFC9:D@ F6 18 5B 2E 4C GC A5 27|11F9:18 SC 9C 1B BG FO G4 C9 OF | 1429:0F BO 26 16 57 AE 98 AD 6F
GFD1:BA 20 Bl FF AQ 6F 4C 93 C2]1201:29 98 62 AD 23 CC FO 58 3F | 1431:6B 46 DG 1B 81 14 G9 40 EA
GFD9:FF A@ 71 85 G9 20 AD BG 7B |1269:22 68 89 40 BD 12 15 9D 8B | 1439:4C 25 17 29 40 FO 18 88 B4
GFE1:@D 87 GC AC 8C 95 38 CO AG/1211:08 2A E8 DO F7 AG 1C 8D GA | 1441:2F 29 BF 12 91 28 AO FF E4
GFE9:03 85 B2 7A G9 G4 8D DB 35/1219:8C BC CC E2 GB C6 88 28 A2 | 1449:8D A7 3A EE 98 18 AQ 20 6C
GFF1:32 9B GF 44 E@ 30 A4 FF 47/1221:86 64 AC 62 28 46 74 C2 48 | 1451:65 28 85 28 96 B9 2C AF DC
GFF9:9D 29 2C 45 F3 AD A8 @4 B6/|1229:27 AC AD 51 1E 82 9D 68 15 | 1459:1A 18 66 18 89 74 D8 C2 63
1601:F@ 68 8D BC 19 35 15 D® 69/1231:38 8D AA EA 83 49 A2 G7 62 | 1461:9E 89 3F DD 16 26 5B 18 @1
1069:66 48 78 26 Cl 16 26 A7 B2/1239:6A G1 8C 62 A3 CA 16 F7 EA | 1469:AD Al 3B F8 64 20 CC 25 2A
1611:10 58 6F B9 44 76 FB AO 5E|1241:73 64 E2 3C 11 29 43 FO FC | 1471:06 16 46 49 4C 45 53 28 C2
1019:C7 66 G63 68 D2 53 2C 9B 5D/1249:8D 74 13 88 9D 27 1D 28 SE | 1479:53 29 20 66 AD AE 1A D@ C6
1621:86 9A 30 FB G9 16 91 Cl 5E/1251:9D Bl 2E E8 84 BO DF 9E 4A | 1481:GF 45 74 87 82 22 C3 23 CC
1029:46 84 86 1A C5 BA D@ 16 16/|1259:A2 42 AE 46 5G 46 Al 1D 1D | 1489:4B 55 4E 4C B8 D6 45 64 4B
19631:26 B2 16 16 57 GF 8C 37 58 |1261:21 F@ 1E BC B6é 1A BD E@ 5C | 1491:A4 47 C6 14 AD Gl 85 D4 29
1639:29 CG C9 86 FG 69 CA DG 71) 1269:6C 36 1E 22 33 E4 26 2D 58 | 1499:5B 26 68 85 27 6G 17 GA CF
1641:F4 88 D@ Fl 4C Fl GF 23 A2/|1271:6A AF FO 43 14 EE 13 AD 99 14A1:6E D@ 19 69 86 5F Bl 17 E4
1649:3A D5 11 58 4B 14 AD 87 311|1279:A7 1A C9 @8 DB CD OG BE 2E 14A9:4C 9B 17 AS 27 48 AS 26 E7
1051:56 14 19 22 15 81 E4 14 76/1281:47 G4 89 DE 13 51 DB 83 82 | 14B1:48 60 E6 26 DO G2 E6 27 DB
1659:82 EC 60 96 19 8D 83 1A 82|1289:21 GF 1D 85 FC 85 BG C7 25 | 14B9:66 30 FB 46 91 50 E@ 41 D2
1061:E8 12 94 46 7A 53 G6 A2 EG/1291:D7 58 85 BC CF 58 Dl 41 F8 | 14C1:42 96 43 20 4C D6 17 AG 83
1069:23 F8 A9 BG 26 AO 11 DE 42/1299:1A 5E 36 @D 59 SE G9 BD 9C | 14C9:G2 2C AG G1 8C 1C 26 A7 EA
1671:6C 13 2A 6E 96 G5 57 43 13/12A1:5C 46 61 16 OB 26 5A E6 27 | 14D1:5G 8C 4D 18 8D 52 8E 42 85
1079:38 66 A2 57 G8 25 E4 FF 36/12A9:AD A6 1A A7 9C 12 5D 85 79 | 14D9:24 CG A6 AB 28 36 BA 1A 4D
1681:48 26 Al 11 68 4C F@ 11 7A|12B1:17 D4 DS 87 14 18 E7 82 1D | 14E1:18 606 GE B6 1A 2E B7 1A 56
1689:ED 8D 7F 1A C9 53 FO G67 1A/12B9:A5 B7 D4 99 34 4C D1 76 BY 14E9:78 F8 E2 36 6D 8D 8D 80 89
1691:C9 AA E6 78 36 G4 30 EO 81/12C1:A4 BO 62 6G 29 12 C4 62 76 | 14F1:88 AD 88 6D 86 68 8D 88 79
1999:46 E8 3C GD 8E CE AY GD 7F/12C9:19 47 GD 6A C4 AQ BG ED BG | 14F9:AD 8A G8 6D 88 8D 8G 98 TF
16A1:A6 BA A@ GF 4C 13 3C 48 38/12D1:26 69 18 BD FE 86 F@ 51 6C 1561:D8 58 E8 EG 19 DB D6 BB 4A
16A9:69 7A BG FG BD C9 29 BO A4]12D9:75 11 4D 18 AS 28 24 3F 7D | 1509:67 64 C2 A2 G2 85 3A 8A BF
16B1:69 65 28 1C 4C D8 11 3@ 8E|12E1:66 3D AG 78 SD GB 91 28 57 1511:CE 8C 8D EG 68 DG 16 AD 96
16B9:CA 26 21 FA @7 83 1C 36 C9|12E9:DB 4A C5 8E 66 89 8C C8 3B | 1519:F6 6D B9 1A OD BA 41 2B DB
19C1:AA @B 8B 62 A2 G1 83 C2 74]12F1:34 63 36 63 AA C8 Bl 28 2B | 1521:BA BD B8 CA GF 20 47 18 93
19C9:98 F@ 15 BD 48 4C EE 11 53/]12F9:A8 9A Bl BO F3 GE 25 22 SE | 1529:CA 19 D7 60 CD 24 DE DG 4B
16D1:AG 35 18 6D AG G4 8D 9F 39 /13G1:28 15 77 41 83 AC AF 15 C2 1531:65 A9 36 88 G9 G9 38 55 78
19D9:1A AC EE A@ 1A EC 7C 58 EF /1399:AE BG 96 EE 7A 32 50 GE BF 1539:8C 9E 1A Bl 11 A9 @D 54 4D
1GE1:CF 82 E8 D@ DE 93 3E 3A B@/1311:AG F4 CG 83 EB 14 5D 76 F5 | 1541:A3 AE C8 AS 1A @@ 38 4C 1A
1GE9:E6 98 C2 4F 46 26 44 52 7E/1319:46 BG 1c 21 15 44 CB B2 25 | 1549:81 @D 1B G3 28 86 29 7A 33
16F1:49 56 45 87 43 26 BA B3 31/1321:6F 51 Dl 8A A7 GF D5 G6 31 | 1551:3E 106 FB A6 2A 71 1E 6D 49
16F9:25 76 74 14 1C 71 28 3C CB/1329:1A D7 86 BG A3 G3 CF 38 6E | 1559:78 6C 8A G9 16 AA 24 8G BB
1141:06 47 98 3C 1C 16 Fl 76 43/1331:D7 66 67 36 66 3C AE 1C OD 1561:EA AD 34 3C 61 BE 82 @D 6C
1169:8E 34 16 8A 11 2E 20 3A E5/1339:DE 60 5B 18 24 96 106 2F 86 1569:GF 4D 11 8E 19 AD 45 2A 65
1111:76 El 86 1A A2 29 5G 93 83/1341:B3 61 78 SC 78 88 45 53 32 | 1571:2A 87 C4 64 AG BB 34 Cl 6G
1119:E8 EG 65 DG F5 AD 7F C6 Cl|1349:45 D9 2A 86 14 B4 75 DG G5 | 1579:36 32 88 8D E7 18 8B 65 51
1121:E9 16 GE 83 31 35 34 47 44/1351:59 78 86 31 60 74 C8 53 DF | 1581:38 78 AD 12 D@ EY 32 96 DF
1129:32 346 33 31 2F AG Gl 34 1C/1359:55 5@ 58 96 79 AG 44 BD 95 1589:04 29 67 FO FS A5 7D GE 3F
1131:36 6G 96 3G Dl 8C 68 G6 18/1361:06 60 48 A3 GF AB C9 A3 41 1591:91 51 29 Dl 88 25 31 51 A7
1139:D9 D9 Al 3D 18 EC Al 4C CA|1369:6D A9 32 D4 Cl C6 Cl G9 F9 | 1599:E1 41 29 2B 97 29 CC 7C 54
1141:Al 85 2F 43 31 32 38 98 @B|1371:36 52 64 45 EE 68 D@ GA DD |15Al1:DD 4A 4A 29 FG G5 2A 16 2F
1149:E4 76 9E 71 GF 8D GD C2 76|1379:DE 16 4F EG 88 12 Al F6 53 |15A9:FC AG 29 G3 G9 20 C8 75 OF
1151:48 83 C8 C@ 51 GA 9D 40 CB/1381:D1 68 57 52 49 EC 6D 16 E2 |15Bl:DD 58 DG B3 C4 14 6G 8D FA
1159:24 62 85 87 4B C8 71 8D 25/1389:C6 54 8D 9C 18 El 86 44 3D | 15B9:3A 26 74 AG 37 99 8E AA 89
1161:25 A5 B7 F@ 10 83 2B El 4C/1391:DA F9 D@ 96 BC 6G EC 49 2C | 15C1:B3 2C GG DD 58 FB AG FF 62
1169:E1 5A A@ G5 A2 GF AB 87 A7|1399:ED 64 4D C8 19 FC 2B Al BA | 15C9:4C BB 18 8D 64 1A 8E 69 93
1171:D4 CC 67 16 15 26 C8 CA 98/13Al1:AE 84 45 91 FO DG 11 D1 CG | 15D1:1A 8C 31 19 68 D3 BE 7B 6C
1179:16 F3 99 75 19 32 AD C7 DF/13A9:65 52 45 54 95 4A 6C 64 93 15D9:G3 68 38 78 89 28 BG O8 84
1181:64 86 39 99 1A AA AG G3 76/13B1:78 B4 C9 38 DG 13 63 46 5D | 15E1:C7 25 14 BC 98 BB DS 54 2D
1189:98 48 BD 8A 61 71 16 E@ 48/13B9:53 59 4E 54 41 58 6D 52 C6 | 15E9:7D 27 65 92 82 28 25 94 G6
G-30 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
15F1:C4
15F9:77
1601:9B
1669:G6E
1611:8D
1621:FD
1629:66
1631:B7
1639:76
1641:89
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1691:68
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16A1:57
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16B1:20
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16D1:08
16D9: 28
16E1:48
16E9:68
16F1:88
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1761:12
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1711:52
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1721:71
1729341
1731:A9
1739:36
1741:37
1749307
1751:26
1759:88
1761:31
1769: 43
1771:56
1779349
1781:8C
1789:2C
1791:96
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17A1:1A
17A9:60
17B1:58
17B9:66
17C1:1Cc
1709:93
17D1:43
17D9:C6
17E1:A4
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17F1:16
17F9: 22
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1949:6A
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JUNE 1993 COMPUTE
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96
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G-31
PROGRAMS
1c81:2@ CC FF A9 @F 4C C3 FF C8/1E£R1:13 D@ GB AS 18 85 22 9D 20 | 2GE1:EB AI BG 65 GBD 20 EC 85 21
1€89:2% BG GD 90 G5 68 68 4C 8F | 1EB9:1B 2D 4C 54 2A FF 85 6A 64 | 26£9:18 85 1E AD 35 85 16 85 A7
1091:41 1C 66 48 28 C2 FF @D 5B/1EC1:A9 69 606 A6 6A FG 1G 1D DF | 20F1:12 AD A3 91 21 17 85 13 B7
1099:26 FA 21 68 29 GF F8 18 DA/1£C9:17 28 G4 12 44 G4 40 E6 D6 | 2GF9:CC 86 36 8A CB 2C 06 C4 DG
1CA1:69 99 69 46 D8 4C D2 FF 81] 1ED1:88 14 GE 62 4C 84 G4 AG 52 | 2101:FA 42 56 32 28 EA A2 BB 2D
1CA9:68 2C 5E 9F 52 G6 26 G3 8C| 1ED9:G1 2C AG G3 4C 87 G4 72 EG | 2199:BD GB 9D 15 24 E8 DG F7 5G
1CB1:38 95 14 G1 93 D9 8G 61 83 | 1EE1:F9 7F 1D 03 BO 3F 48 55 27 | 2111:E6 31 20 E9 F5 85 3A 20 10
1CB9:18 94 6G 44 49 41 15 38 19] 1EE9:3A E5 34 D4 71 18 F4 AG G7 | 2119:8F F7 E6 C2 26 21 64 AS 5D
1CC1:43 91 15 54 43 48 GB CA G4] 1EF1:BA 9C £3 G@ G1 5C 26 26 9 | 2121:22 C9 12 DO G9 AD B5 CB F7
1CC9:4C 45 43 53 42 90 96 81 GE | 1EF9:EG F8 CO 21 AE GG G2 AC 35 | 2129:4F 8B 28 38 85 9B G3 86 AS
1CD1:4D 41 3D 66 52 45 4E 41 8E | 1FG1:G1 62 86 G6 84 67 C5 3A 77 | 2131:CE 57 32 86 58 84 19 Al A7
1CD9:4D 45 G6 96 41 55 4C E4 56 |1F09:DO GA AI EC 37 5D BS G8 DE | 2139:23 84 1F AS 16 45 17 45 AS
1CE1:15 53 4B 45 57 G@ 54 52 EC|1F11:CC 78 G3 14 3F A5 G6 85 97 | 2141:18 45 19 85 1A 20 34 F9 19
1CE9:41 C2 69 4C 4F 43 4B 68 77]1F19:18 AS 07 85 19 El 69 C5 EE | 2149:E8 38 A4 1F BS 24 99 6A 70
1CF1:53 54 41 1A 4E FE AD 52 CE|1F21:73 CO 5A CA FO E4 AQ 93 43 | 2151:C8 22 39 68 G2 E6 19 AS AB
1CF9:54 66 4B 49 4C 4c @@ D6 C4|1F29:E4 A3 13 D9 24 GG DO ED 73 | 2159:19 C5 43 C6 CC AG BG F4 4c
1DG1:00 43 4F 4C BG GB GO DG 11|1F31:2F G8 DG FG 91 39 DG 35 7A | 2161:62 14 GS GB CB C4 A2 OB 61
1D69:F5 13 1A 1D @8 1D 1D 1D 24|1F39:FB 16 6D 2C Fl 2D 36 F6 79 | 2169:A4 21 E9 B2 G2 E3 92 Fl 65
1D11:61 1c 94 1c 7D 21 17 1F 15|1F41:11 47 B8 18 AG GG 6G 38 7G | 2171:F3 84 21 61 36 58 BD G4 7B
1D19:CB 1E 54 1B 87 1D F9 1D EE |1F49:A9 @1 66 C5 17 83 GE 17 FE | 2179:06 Dl D9 GC EC D8 14 6A 8C
1D21:CB 1F B4 1C 27 1D 33 1F 94] 1F51:8B @5 BG 28 5C 88 C9 52 1A | 2181:05 12 B8 Dl 1C CA DO FA A7
were1D29:A2 1F 26 7C F7 26 46 1C 31]1F59:D0 Fl 85 24 9B AD AD 11 6F | 2189:AG BB B4 GB BO BO 95 G9 54
1D31:25 1C £4 20 86 FO 84 BA 7E/]1F61:99 25 BG C8 CO 54 FS 26 AB | 2191:28 F4 E4 3C Bl 36 54 BD 89
1D39:0F 82 @D 81 AA AA AA A5 58 | 1F69:97 F4 2G AG G5 C5 1A DG 63 | 2199:C8 DG FS 9D BD Gl 86 50 5B
1D41:22 D@ GE AI CB 85 GB 58 91 | 1F71:92 18 66 66 39 38 84 D8 55 | 21A1:FE B8 8D G1 1C E8 EG B7 AG
1D49:A5 6@ 3G FC 24 20 76 FC AB/1F79:82 £4 C6 45 Bl F6 2C 4B 6C | 21A9:D@ F2 9D 73 C2 AD G1 8D 48
1D51:78 A9 GG 85 36 8D 95 6E DB|1F81:B8 56 9C 95 53 BB G7 20 ES | 21B1:D6 63 C6 19 DG BC 20 BO 83
1D59:FG G6 G2 85 31 36 32 AOI 96 |1F89:71 81 7A 29 19 59 16 G6 DA | 21B9:FE A5 18 C9 28 FO G5 E6 7A
1D61:28 8D 9C 24 64 8D 9D 61 7B|1F91:A2 FF 86 6A 4C 6E 41 FO 28 21C1:18 4C 45 63 7C Cl AF F7 3E
1D69:A9 10 85 21 85 44 81 Fl 71] 1F99:33 28 67 26 2C G4 FO 54 18 21C9:E4 70 98 E5 AG 18 66 48 68
1D71:3B 85 2D 12 17 OD BE G61 7B/1FA1:64 65 85 6A 26 SF G5 90 93 21D1:A2 61 C5 22 FO 34 E5 22 C6
1D79:2C A2 30 85 23 38 1E CA Bl|1FA9:69 20 Cl G4 4E AE 45 10 B4 21D9:10 @4 49 FF A2 FF BA A8 20
1D81:D8 F6 88 DG F3 C6 21 DB CD/1FB1:F2 A2 G9 D7 72 CC FF 8C 64 21E1:A9 A@ 85 45 8A 18 6D DO 86
1D89:EF E4 44 F@ EB 86 EB ED CB! 1FB9:93 1C AD 6B 9G Fl G9 CO 87 21E9:E@ @D 63 85 1F BA 96 FC A6
1D91:28 64 G4 93 F3 G3 93 3B A8|1FC1:14 26 18 45 Cl £4 5@ FE AA | 21F1:05 1F 3C 97 AS 45 C9 90 ES
1D99:03 4C 9B 59 2A A@ O86 C8 BE | 1FC9:20 OG FE 4C AG Cl 89 32 GE 21P9:F@ 62 C6 45 8D 8A BB 2C 3B
1DA1:78 F4 42 18 C9 FF D@ CO CF|1FD1:CA 82 69 F9 1C G9 G4 CD Bl | 2201:65 18 30 FB 88 DO DA 68 39
1DA9:26 88 GA AA BD 93 90 85 64] 1FD9:2C G9 FG 11 68 2B A@ AA 7B | 2209:85 22 A2 GB AG 11 C9 24 ED
1DB1:86 @3 BD 94 G3 8D 87 CO OF | 1FE1:BG 1C 83 CA 30 FS 60 4E G5 | 2211:B@ 64 20 4B F2 A8 84 43 ED
1DB9:CD FF FF 28 8A E8 4C 2A 18/ 1FE9:82 8C GD 06 G7 85 G7 6G 4B | 2219:AD DG EG GF 29 OF 1D 82 F9
1DC1:03 9F G3 EC 93 19 64 DE F7| 1FF1:24 6A 38 63 A9 GB 2C G9 Cl | 2221:04 8D GG 86 13 EE 8D @C 4E
1DC9:05 FG G5 35 E7 56 81 G1 53 | 1FFO:FG E7 G4 22 20 59 G4 A5 61 | 2229:1C AY G6 85 31 66 BG 20 2A
1DD1:9F Bl G3 2C 4C 5A CO 14 CC} 2661:19 4c F7 G6 1A 54 EG G2 26 | 2231:40 66 36 6G BG GG 4G GO B3
1DD9:85 45 97 G1 1D C6 45 DO 8A | 2009:2Cc 16 DB 16 4A 4A 46 GD 87
1DE1:98 4F 43 20 AS 16 85 12 49 | 2911:48 39 AA A5 21 5B GE AA BB | Hong H. Pham, 17, says he didn't
1DE9:A5 17 85 13 GA EF A5 12 GC] 2019:BD 1D @7 AE 4A DO FB 40 19 | want to shell ou for I
1DF1:A8 B6 G3 13 47 23 48 98 AF | 2621:69 68 F7 14 GA 34 B4 70 3B Lees é ee ae vel
1DF9:91 3A 8C 68 9B 62 106 CD F7 | 2629:50 D8 CA 4A GA 106 FO 86 BS iT’)
1E@1:DA C9 CB G3 62 B9 BB 16 32|2031:26 Fl G6 68 AG FF DG BE aa | Stead. He enjoys Tae Kwon Do and ta-
1E69:2@ CF G3 62 EF @6 DG EC F5 | 2939:c3 15 4C 1A 2F A2 6G 52 E2 | Dle tennis in Antigonish, Nova Scotia,
1£11:60 99 FG 7E G2 G2 88 1B BA | 2941:28 17 G7 26 66 G1 A2 99 58 | Canada
1£19:62 26 8D 62 91 pe el ey =e 2049:8E 94 G1 60 68 B9 32 CG 6B
1E21:AC G1 71 66 26 D3 AG 1A | 2951:GF 87 OD 05 GB G3 G9 Gl 44
1E29:06 4C B6 G6 AS 12 1D F8 7B} 2959:GE G6 GC G4 GA G2 G8 GG 4c INSTANT ART
1E31:62 66 A3 3B 11 3A BA 63 92] 2961:29 1F 19 12 DB 2F 82 69 43
1B39:E1 A8 85 44 B7 54 44 22 3F | 2969:68 68 26 74 66 a9 G6 E1 ge | By Larry Cotton
1E41:A2 64 DD 2C 67 CA BG FA GE | 2971:9C 26 F5 30 86 26 5E G1 DB | Instant Art for the 64 creates fascinating
1£49:55 SC 7C EG 31 87 9A 68 26 | 2679:A9 G3 8D BG 16 4C 46 G1 7B | multicolor high-resolution pictures
1E51:68 3E 87 21 9B CF 81 21 AC | 2981:78 A9 7A 8D G2 18 C4 77 62 | based on a branch of mathematics
1£59:67 28 44 C9 94 EF 73 44 08 | 2989:20 A3 40 FD 26 64 61 EE 2E | (AoWn as linear cellular automata. The
1661:98 CF Bl FG 66 A2 E2 A2 19 2691:54 61 AD 96 G1 C9 F4 F3 68 : :
1B69:FF 48 33 B7 21 26 5D G4 El | 2999:4c 26 19 C8 @@ 69 48 GA 79 hypnotic patterns and colors can be var-
1E71:68 61 89 Al 10 88 E3 88 76 | 29A1:84 36 2B DG F9 24 8G DA De | ied almost endlessly and then saved to
1E79:E6 B8 81 28 11 6B 81 2D EF | 2GA9:21 48 68 EB Al G8 BA GA A3 | disk for a future “slide show.’
1£81:E0 G3 13 78 68 86 49 39 E9/|29B1:35 21 AD 5G G3 GA EA 72 46
1B89:G6 A5 80 85 86 AS 81 85 E9| 26B9:4D 16 G1 BE 69 29 GF G5 42 | Tyning It In
1£91:07 4C 9F G4 4C DE C6 6A GE| 26C1:21 41 87 G3 71 CC 68 29 93 yping ;
1£99:3G 3B 24 2C 36 27 24 2D 97] 20C9:9A G1 DG 3B A2 G6 98 9B aF | !nstant Art and its companion program,
1EA1:3@ 23 20 AF E9 7C 1E 49 84] 2gD1:CC 98 BE AS G1 31 93 F4 9E | IA Slide Show, are both written in BA-
1EA9:A6 C5 12 DG 11 AS 17 C5 GD| 29D9:A2 Bl 9A 48 G5 FC 4C 4B AF | SIC with machine language loaders.
G-32 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
To save you some typing, be aware
that both programs share the same DA-
TA statements. To help avoid typing er-
rors, enter the programs with The Au-
tomatic Proofreader; see “Typing Aids”
elsewhere in this section.
Begin by typing in the DATA state-
ments in lines 10-180. Save them to
disk with the filename DATA. Continue
typing in Instant Art, and then save the
entire program to disk with the file-
name INSTANT ART.
To begin entering IA Slide Show,
first load DATA with the ,8 extension.
Then, continue entering lines 190-310
of the listing. Save IA Slide Show to
disk with that name.
Creating Art
After you've finished typing and sav-
ing, load and run Instant Art. Read the
menu while the machine language por-
tion loads. To create your first picture,
press the up-arrow (T) key. This switch-
es the program from the text (menu)
screen to the hi-res screen, where pic-
tures are created. Then press Return to
create a picture. Pressing Return gen-
erates a new random-pattern picture in
a few seconds.
Color Control
All menu options are available from the
hi-res screen. Pictures have the poten-
tial of being displayed in up to 3 of the
64's 16 available colors. Only the first
picture created after the program is
run exhibits randomly generated col-
ors. Each succeeding new picture is
drawn in the same three colors as the
previous one. You can change the col-
ors with the function keys. Color can of-
ten greatly enhance what may other-
wise be a so-so creation. Each func-
tion key cycles certain portions of the
pictures in the same particular 16-col-
or order. If you want to return to a par-
ticular color, just keep pressing the ap-
propriate function key.
Variants and Automatic Mode
Pressing V creates a variant of the
existing picture in the same four colors.
Often even a seemingly dull picture
can be transformed into a work of art
by pressing V. When you get tired of
the manual mode, press A. Then sit
back and watch the pictures appear in
automatic mode.
Saving and Loading
You can save and load pictures from
disk by pressing S or L, respectively.
Unlike normal hi-res screens, each of
these consumes only one or two
blocks of disk space. Naturally, any pic-
ture must be loaded using the exact
name under which it was saved. If you
want to view all of your creations se-
quentially, you must save them with con-
secutive filenames starting with A 1, A
2, A 3, and so on. Be sure to leave a
space between the A and the number!
Other Menu Options
Pressing P dumps your creation (unfor-
tunately, in black-and-white) to any Ep-
son-compatible printer. Simpler pat-
terns create more interesting printouts.
Printouts work fine with my Star NX-
1000 printer and Xetec Super Graphic
interface. ,
If a picture evolving onscreen
seems dull, you can stop it at any
point by pressing any menu key—Re-
turn or V are good choices. If you
press a key not mentioned in the
menu, the picture stops, and the pro-
gram returns to the menu. Press Q to
end the program.
IA Slide Show
As mentioned above, you can sequen-
tially view your masterpieces with IA
Slide Show. You must have saved
some screens as A 1, A 2, and so on
from Instant Art. Load IA Slide Show
now and run it. At the prompt, enter the
number of screens that you want to
see and press Return. Then sit back
and enjoy a beautiful show! Press the
Run/Stop-Restore combination to end
the program.
INSTANT ART. varcit 1993 - COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
GM 18 DATA166,32,132,251,132,2
53,169,1,132, 252, 136, 132
1250, 162, 199,134,166,162
739
DATA134,167,132,169,177,
250,133,168,165,167,240,
4,166,8,177,258,19,38,16
8,42
DATA38,168,42,41,3,133,1
70,166,4,169,0,38,168,42
,38,168,42,72,101,179,16
QB 2G
XX 36
1
BA 48 DATA169,17@,165,176,133,
XK
BB
AQ
PQ
HC
MM
HH
DX
GG
QR
QR
XR
SD
JG
CG
AK
KA
XE
58
63
79
80
96
100
116
126
136
146
150
166
176
180
196
206
210
226
169,164,133,170,189,8,23
16,254,6,254,5,254,133,2
54
DATA136,208,221,145,252,
24,198,167,16,40,162,2,1
81,256,41,7,201,7,248,15
156
DATA181,250,233,55,149,2
50,181,251,233,1,149,251
1208 ,6,246, 250, 208,2,246
725
DATA262,202,240,223,198,
166,268,144,96,162,2,181
7250,195,8,149,250,144,3
1246
DATA251,24,202,262,240,2
41,76,172,23,27,65,8,13,
16,27,75,64,1,0,165,197,
201
DATA64, 208,219,76,35,23,
166,32,132,251,160,0,132
,250,160,25,132,252,160,
g
DATA185,162,23,32,210,2
55,200,192,9,208,245,16
6,49,132,253,160,7,177,
256
DATA162,7,42,118,166,20
2,16,258,136,16,243,169
17,170,56,101,250,133,2
50,144
DATA2,230,251,181,166,3
2,210,255,202,16,248,19
8,253,208,217,198,252,2
68,196
DATA96,173,58,3,168,G,1
53,0,4,153,251,4,153,24
5,5,153,239,6,200,192,2
51,208
DATA239,96,173,59,3,160
1G,153,0,216,153,251,21
6,153,245,217,153,239,2
18,200
DATA192,251,208,239,96,
169,8,13,24,208,141,24,
208,169,32,13,17,208,14
a7
DATA268,169,63,133,216,
169,8,133,215,168,145,2
15,160,63,162,32,145,21
5,136
DATA208, 251,198,216, 262
,208,246,169,4,133,232,
169,G,133,231,168,173,5
2,3
DATAL62,4,145,231,200,2
08,251,230, 232,202,208,
246,96
CH=INT (154*RND(1))+1:CO
=INT (16*RND(1))+0:G=INT
(16*RND (1) )+6:W=8192:X=
8504
V=53265: GOSUB60G:R=RND (
~TI) :FE=255
$=5906:FORI=STOS+241:RE
ADA: POKEI,A:NEXT
1=828:FORI=TTOT+45: READ
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-33
PROGRAMS
Qa
PP
MP
JQ
EC
FM
FS
MS
RG
cq
RP
AA
FE
DD
G-34
230
246
256
260
276
286
296
396
318
326
336
349
356
366
376
386
396
400
41¢
426
430
440
450
466
476
480
490
56a
514
A:POKEI,A:NEXT
GETCS$: IFC$=""THEN23G
I=ABS (ASC (C$) ~132) : IFI<
STHENONIGOSUB419,419,44
@,466:GOT023G
IFC$=CHRS$ (13) THENGOSUB3
46:GOTO230
IFC$="A"THENGOSUB586:GO
SUB769:GOTO230
IFC$="L"THENGOSUB486:GO
SUB520:GOTO23G
IFC$="P"THENGOSUB796:GO
70230
IFCS$="Q"THENCLOSE4:SYS8
32
IFC$="S"THENGOSUB486:GO
SUB496:GOT023¢
IFCS$="V"THENGOSUB580:GO
SUB360:GOTO23G
IFC$="7"THENGOSUB586:GO
T0230
GOSUB48@:GOSUB6G0:GOTO2
30
GOSUB580:QS="":ZS="":PO
RL=1T010:Z$=RIGHTS (STRS
(INT (RND(1)*4)),1)
QS$=QS+ZS$:NEXT
GOSUB550:Q=4*RND(1)+1:0
NQGOTO379,380,390,400
Y=PE*RND (1) +1:FORI=WTOX
STEP8:POKEI,Y:NEXT:SYSS
: RETURN
Q=RND (1) *5:FORI=1T0Q: PO
KE8184+8* (INT (RND(1) *46
)) ,RND(1)*FPE:NEXT:SYSS:
RETURN
FORI=WTOXSTEP8: POKEI, FE
*RND (1) :NEXT:SYSS:RETUR
N
FORI=WTOXSTEP8: POKEI,@:
NEXT: POKE8352,FE*RND (1)
:SYSS:RETURN
IFI=1THENC1=Cl+1:IFC1=1
6THENC1=0
IFI=2THENC2=C2+1:IFC2=1
6THENC2=9
CH=C1*16+C2:GOSUB586:RE
TURN
CO=CO+1:IFCO=16THENCO=6
GOSUB580:RETURN
G=G+1: IFG=16THENG=0
GOSUB58@: RETURN
POKEV, 27: POKEV+5,269:PO
KEV+7,21:POKEV+15,15:PO
KEV+16,1:POKE646,6:RETU
RN
FS="":PRINT"{CLR}":INPU
T"{9 DOWN}{2 SPACES}PAT
TERN TO SAVE";FS:IFFS="
"THEN5S68
OPEN3,8,1,F$:FORI=WTOXS
TEP8:PRINT#3,PEEK(I) :NE
XT: PRINT#3,CH: PRINT#3,C
°
PRINT#3,G:PRINT#3,QS:CL
OSE3: PRINT" {CLR}":GOSUB
589:RETURN
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
QE
RB
MP
520
5390
549
556
560
576
586
596
698
619
629
636
640
656
660
676
686
696
766
716
726
736
748
758
766
776
786
798
846
8106
820
836
FS="": PRINT" {CLR}": INPU
T"{9 DOWN}{2 SPACES}PAT
TERN TO LOAD";FS:IFFS="
“THENS 69
OPEN3,8,0,F$:FORI=WTOXS
TEP8:INPUT#3,J:POKEI,J:
NEXT: INPUT#3,CH: INPUT#3
,cO
INPUT#3,G: INPUT#3,Q$:GO
SUB558:GOTO568
A=5887:FORI=1T010:POKEA
+I, VAL (MIDS (Q$,1I,1)) :NE
XT: RETURN
CLOSE3:GOSUB580:1FFS=""
THENRETURN
SYSS: RETURN
POKE826,CH: SYST: POKE827
,CO:SYS851: POKEV+15,G:P
OKEV+16,G:POKEV, 59
POKEV+5, 216: POKEV+7,24:
RETURN
POKEV+15,15:POKEV+16,1:
PRINTCHRS (142) "{CLR}
{3 DOWN} {CYN}"TAB(7) "IN
STANT ART INSTRUCTIONS
PRINT" {BLK} "TAB (7)
{24 T}
PRINT"{RED}"TAB(7)"F1 -
CYCLE COLOR 1
PRINTTAB (7) "F3
{SPACE}COLOR 2
PRINTTAB(7)"F5 - CYCLE
{SPACE}COLOR 3
PRINTTAB(7)"F7 - CYCLE
{SPACE}COLOR 4 & BORDER
PRINT" {DOWN} {BLU} "TAB (7
- CYCLE
)"7 - HI-RES SCREEN
PRINTTAB(7)"V - VARIANT
PRINTTAB(7)"A - AUTOMAT
Ic
PRINTTAB(7)"P ~ PRINT
PRINTTAB(7)"S - SAVE
PRINTTAB(7)"L - LOAD
PRINTTAB(7)"Q - QUIT
PRINT" {DOWN} {GRN}"TAB (7
) "RETURN ~ NEW SCREEN
PRINT" {DOWN} {CYN}"TAB (7
)"OTHER KEYS RETURN TO
{SPACE }MENU
PRINT" {BLK}"TAB (7) "
{25 T}":RETURN
ONRND (1) *3+1GOSUB41G, 44
6, 468:GOSUB349
IFPEEK (198) THENRETURN
GOTO76G
GOSUB486: PRINT" {CLR}
{1@ DOWN}"TAB(7) "MAKE S
URE PRINTER IS READY
PRINT" {DOWN} "TAB (9) "AND
PRESS ANY KEY. . .
GETR$: IFRS=""THEN816
PRINT" {DOWN} "TAB(13)"PR
INTING. . .":AS=CHRS (1G
) :OPEN4,4,5:CMD4:SYS6G6
9
PRINT: PRINT: PRINT :CLOSE
4:GOSUB589: RETURN
XB 846 C=INT(16*RND(1))+0:PRIN
TC:GOTO840
IA SLIDE SHOW
PK 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1993 - COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
\= ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
16 DATA16@,32,132,251,132,2
53,160,1,132, 252,136,132
,250,162,199,134,166,162
39
DATA134,167,132,169,177,
256,133,168,165,167,248,
4,160,8,177,250,10,38,16
8,42
DATA38,168,42,41,3,133,1
70,160,4,169,0,38,168,42
,38,168,42,72,101,170,10
1
DATA169,176,165,170,133,
169,104,133,176,189,0,23
16,254,6,254,5,254,133,2
54
DATA136,208,221,145,252,
24,198,167,16,45,162,2,1
81,250,41,7,201,7,240,15
156
DATA181,250,233,55,149,2
50,181,251,233,1,149,251
1208,6,246,250,208,2, 246
1251
DATA202,202,240,223,198,
166,2068,144,96,162,2,181
1250,105,8,149,250,144,3
1246
DATA251, 24,202,262, 240,2
41,76,172,23,27,65,8,13,
16,27,75,64,1,0,165,197,
261
DATA64,208,219,76,35,23,
166,32,132,251,160,0,132
,258,160,25,132,252,166,
@
108 DATA185,162,23,32,216,2
55,208,192,9,208,245,16
6,48,132,253,166,7,177,
256
DATA162,7,42,118,166,20
2,16,258,136,16,243,169
17,176,56,161,250,133,2
50,144
DATA2,236,251,181,166,3
2,210,255,202,16, 248,19
8,253,268,217,198,252,2
08,196
DATA96,173,58,3,160,4,1
53,0,4,153,251,4,153,24
5,5,153,239,6,200,192,2
51,208
DATA239,96,173,59,3,16
78,153,0,216,153,251,21
6,153,245,217,153,239,2
18,206
DATA192,251,208,239,96,
169,8,13,24,208,141,24,
208,169,32,13,17,268,14
a7
GM
26
QB
XX
36
BA
4G
XK
56
BB
60
76
AQ
PQ
HC
96
MM
HH
116
DX
120
GG
138
146
QR
QR 150
XR 160 DATA208,169,63,133,216,
169,0,133,215,168,145,2
15,160,63,162,32,145,21
5,136
DATA268, 251,198,216, 202
1208,246,169,4,133,232,
169,0,133,231,168,173,5
2,3
DATA162,4,145,231,200,2
G8,251,230,232,202, 208,
246,96
W=8192:E=8:V=53265: POKE
V+15,6:DIMJ (39)
PRINT" {CLR} {WHT}
{3 DOWN}"TAB (16) "PLEASE
WAIT 3 SEC.
S=5900:FORI=STOS+241:RE
ADA: POKEI,A:NEXT
T=828:FORI=TTOT+45:READ
A:POKEI,A:NEXT
U=36906:FORI=UTOU+65:RE
ADA: POKEL,A:NEXT
PRINT" {DOWN} "TAB (16) ;:1
NPUT"NO. OF SLIDES";NS:
SYSU
POKEV, 593 POKEV+5,216:PO
KEV+7 ,24
FORN=1TONS:0PEN3,8,0,"A
"+STRS (N)
FORI=@T039: INPUT#3,J (I)
:NEXT: INPUT#3,CH: INPUT #
3,CO:INPUT#3,G
INPUT#3,Q$:CLOSE3:SYSU:
POKE826,CH:SYST: POKE827
,CO:SYS851
POKEV+15,G:POKEV+16,G:F
ORI=1T010:POKE5887+1,VA
L(MIDS$ (Q$,1,1)) :NEXT
FORI=0T039:POKEW+I*E,J (
I) :NEXT:SYSS:NEXT
MF 310 GOTO310
SD 176
JG 186
EH 196
PD 208
KA 216
XE 226
MR 236
JG 249
SX 256
PG 260
FX 276
RG 280
DR 296
SM 348
Larry Cotton is the author of Gazette's
“Beginner BASIC" column. He lives in
New Bern, North Carolina.
NUMBER BASE
CONVERSIONS
By Bruce M. Bowden
Make conversions quickly and easily be-
tween any two number bases with this in-
teresting utility for the 64. Even fractions
are converted! A printer is optional.
There are many ways of representing
numbers such as one-to-one correspon-
dences, additive groupings, and so on.
But every system centers around some
definite basis for counting. In everyday
work, for example, the majority of the civ-
ilized world counts by 10s. A very reason-
able suggestion has been made that we
use a number system built of ten basic
symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)
because we have ten fingers.
In our system of numeration, which
has a base of 10, any number that we
wish to represent is written as a collection
of multiples of powers of 10. For example,
the number 324 may also be written as 4
x 10° (any number to the power of 0 is
equal to 1) plus 2x 101 (any number to
the first power is just the number itself)
plus 3 x 102.
If there are digits to the right of the dec-
imal point, they may also be represented
as multiples of negative powers of 10.
Hence, the fraction .175 may be written
out as 1x 107, plus 7x 10%, plus 5 x
103. Combine these two numbers into
one, and above each digit write the ex-
ponent of 10 that corresponds to each dig-
it's multiplier to see the following pattern.
82:21 40/ 1c! 722.538
So you see, there's a specific way in
which our numbers are written—first
grouped by powers of the base and
then with symbols representing multipli-
ers of those powers. There are as many
symbols as are needed to fill the gaps be-
tween the powers of the number base.
The positional method outlined above
is a standard of the modern world. Of
course, the choice of 10 as a base is pure-
ly arbitrary. The Mesopotamians used the
sexagesimal system (base 60); the May-
ans used a vigesimal (base 20) system
mixed with a secondary base 5. The Ro-
man system of numeration is a combina-
tion of base 5 with base 10.
Sometimes, even now, practical need
requires that we deviate from 10 as our
base. In computing, the on-and-off state
of electrical switches lends itself natural-
ly to a binary (base 2) method of numer-
ic representation. An example of this is
the compact representation of binary num-
bers in bases which are powers of 2,
such as the octal (base 8) and hexadec-
imal (base 16) numbers.
In any base system, however, the
same positional notation is applied as de-
tailed above. The binary number 11010,
for example, can be read from the right
as Ox 2° plus 1x 2' plus Ox 2? plus
1x 23 plus 1x 24,
Of course, for every base N in position-
al notation there must be N symbols.
What happens when the base is larger
than 10? In other words, what digit fol-
lows 9? Those familiar with hexadecimal
numbers know that, by convention, the let-
ters of the alphabet are used for these
numbers.
Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Extending
this scheme, we can write numbers for
any base ranging up to 36—at which
point we reach the end of the alphabet,
and no standard exists for continuation.
Number Base Conversions will allow you
to enter numbers from any base within
the range of 2-36 and convert to any oth-
er base within the same range. Both the
integer and fractional parts are convert-
ed for you.
Typing It In
Number Base Conversions is written en-
tirely in BASIC. To avoid typing errors,
enter it with The Automatic Proofread-
er. See “Typing Aids" elsewhere in
this section. When you've finished,
save the program before running it.
Getting Started
When the NBC title screen appears,
press any key to get a brief description
of what the program does. Press a key
again, and you'll be prompted to enter
a starting base. We'll start at base 10,
so type in 70 and press Return. Next is
a prompt for the ending base. Let's
use base 2, so type 2 and press Re-
turn. A prompt appears asking for the
number which is to be converted from
base 10 to base 2. For this example,
type 85. After a brief pause, you'll see
that 85 in base 10 converted to base 2
is 1010101.
Options
Now that you've tried one conversion,
you have a screen full of options to
choose from by pressing the appropri-
ate function key. By pressing f1, you
can convert the same number in the
same starting base you just used to a
value in a different base. Let's do that.
Press f1, and you're prompted for
the ending base. Type in 8 this time.
The program does a quick calculation
and reports that the decimal number
85 is 125 in octal, or base 8, notation.
There's every kind of option availa-
ble from the function key menu. You
can change the starting base, the end-
ing base, and the number and ending
base, or you can keep both the
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-35
PROGRAMS
source and target bases but change
the number being converted. You may
also send your results to a printer or be-
gin again fresh.
Encryption
An interesting application of a base con-
verter program like this is that since
base 36 includes the entire alphabet,
it's possible to encrypt messages.
Let's try an example by converting
my name, Bruce Bowden. NBC prefers
lowercase letters. Let's put a decimal
between the names so the final result
won't be too large. Let's enter
bruce.bowden as a base 36 number,
convert it to base 10, and then convert
it to base 2. In base 10, the base 36
bruce.bowden that we enter becomes
19774814.324767927
To further convert this base 10 num-
ber to base 2, press f5 and enter 2 at
the prompt. NBC keeps track of the
number so that we're not required to en-
ter it manually. The conversion to bi-
nary produces 10010110110111101
01011110.010100110010001111111101
10101001. (Whew!)
You may find several useful applica-
tions for NBC, but it also has theoreti-
cal applications. Here are some ques-
tions you may want to investigate: If
the prime factors of the number 10 are
2 and 5, the base 10 representation of
Ye is .5, and the base 10 representa-
tion of '/10 is .2, does a similar relation-
ship exist between a base, its prime fac-
tors, and the reciprocals of the prime
factors in other base systems?
Are there recognizable patterns in
the fractional parts of numbers that sug-
gest that they may be more simply rep-
resented in a different base system?
How might two or more base sys-
tems be combined to create ciphers
that are difficult to crack? There are
deeper questions that you may wish to
ponder also, such as properties of
numeric representation which are invar-
iant over different bases. See what you
can discover!
NUMBER BASE CONVERSIONS
MS 1@ REM COPYRIGHT 1993 - COM
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L
TD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
SP 26 PRINT" {CLR}{3 DOWN}{N}":
pore 53280,6:POKE 53281,
G-36 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
PE
KD
FA
AD
SE
QB
JG
KP
EQ
SH
36
4g
56
96
PRINT" {YEL}":MSS="NUMBER
BASE CONVERSIONS":GOSUB
960
PRINT" {CYN}":MSS$="BY BRU
CE M. BOWDEN" :GOSUB96@:P
RINT"{2 DOWN} (WHT}"
MSS="COPYRIGHT, 1992":GO
SUB96@:MSS$="COMPUTE PUBL
ICATIONS INTL LTD":GOSUB
969
MS$="ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
":GOSUB 960:GOSUB98G
PRINT"{CLR}{4 DOWN}"
MS$="BASECON WILL CONVER
T NUMBERS FROM ANY":GOSU
B96G
MSS$="NUMBER BASE LESS TH
AN OR EQUAL TO 36":GOSUB
966
166 MS$="TO ANOTHER BASE IN
116
129
136
146
156
160
178
186
198
200
216
226
236
246
256
266
276
286
THE SAME RANGE":GOSUB9
60
GOSUB 984:IF S=@ THEN 2
30
PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWN}SELE
CT FROM ONE OF THESE FU
NCTION KEYS:"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}F1 ** USE
THE SAME STARTING BASE
AND{19 SPACES}NUMBER A
S BEFORE"
PRINT" {DOWN}F3 ** USE J
UST THE SAME STARTING B
ASE"
PRINT" {DOWN}F5 ** USE
HE ENDING BASE AS THE
EW{1@ SPACES}BASE AND
HE SOLUTION"
PRINT"{6 SPACES}AS THE
{SPACE}NEW NUMBER"
PRINT" {DOWN}F7 ** KEEP
{SPACE}THE SAME STARTIN
G AND ENDING"
PRINT"{6 SPACES}BASES":
PRINT" {DOWN}F2 ** SEND
{SPACE}RESULTS TO PRINT
ER"
PRINT" {DOWN}F4 ** EVERY
THING FRESH"
GETAS$: IFAS=""ORAS<"{F1}
"ORAS>"{F4}"THEN20G
XX=ASC (A$) -132:0NXXGOTO
370,300,860,440,890,226
RUN23G
PRINT" {CLR} {2 DOWN}PLEA
SE ENTER THE STARTING B
ASE HERE:"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}";TAB(12
: INPUTS: IFS>=2THEN26G
PRINTTAB (8) ;"{2 DOWN}";
S;"IS LESS THAN 2.":GOT
0280
IFS<=36THEN290
PRINTTAB (8) ;"{2 DOWN}";
S;"IS GREATER THAN 36."
PRINT"{2 SPACES}THE BAS
E MUST BE BETWEEN 2 AND
azA
BX
cor
GM
xs
296
300
316
326
336
346
356
366
376
386
396
408
416
426
430
446
450
466
478
480
496
500
516
526
536
546
559
566
576
586
596
600
616
36!":GOSUB 986:GOT0239
S=INT(S)
PRINT" {CLR}{2 DOWN}PLEA
SE ENTER THE ENDING BAS
E HERE:"
PRINT" {2 DOWN}";TAB (12)
: INPUTE: IFE>=2THEN336
PRINTTAB(8);"{2 DOWN}";
E;"IS LESS THAN 2.":GOT
0350
IFE<=36THEN360
PRINTTAB (8) ;"{2 DOWN}";
E;"IS GREATER THAN 36."
PRINT"{2 SPACES}THE BAS
E MUST BE BETWEEN 2 AND
36!":GOSUB 989:GOT0309
E=INT (E) :GOT0440
PRINT"{CLR}{2 DOWN} PLEA
SE ENTER THE ENDING BAS
E HERE:"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}";TAB(12
: INPUTE: IFE>=2THEN416
PRINTTAB (8) ;"{2 DOWN}";
E;"IS LESS THAN 2."
PRINT"{2 SPACES}THE BAS
E MUST BE BETWEEN 2 AND
361":GOSUB 980:GOTO370
IPE<=36THEN430
PRINTTAB(8);"{2 DOWN}";
E;"IS GREATER THAN 36."
:GOTO400
E=INT (E) :GOTO470
PRINT" {CLR}{2 DOWN}"
PRINT"YOU MAY NOW ENTER
THE NUMBER WHICH IS
{3 SPACES}BEING CONVERT
ED FROM BASE";S
PRINT"TO BASE";E; "BELOW
"SPRINT"{2 DOWN}";TAB(1
2) : INPUTNS
PRINT"{2 DOWN}
{2 SPACES}PLEASE STANDB
Y FOR COMPUTATION...":X
=1
IFMIDS$ (N$,X,1) =". "THEN6
96
X=X+1: LFX<>LEN (NS) +1THE
N486
IS=NS$:FS="@6":V=6
IFS=ETHEN8 26
IFS<>10THEN56@
IFIS<>""THEN55@
Is="g"
T=VAL (I$) :V=VAL("."+FS)
:GOTO749
T=6:FORX=LEN (I$) TO1STEP
-1:D=ASC (MID$(I$,X,1)):
IFD<480RD>57THEN586
T=T+ (D-48) *ST (LEN (I$) -x
)
IFD<650RD>90THENNEXT : GO
TO6G8
T=T+(D-55) *ST (LEN (I$) -x
) :NEXT
IFT<1E10THEN626
PRINT"THIS NUMBER IS TO
© LONG TO BE EVALUATED"
GF
DF
BK
EJ
HD
QE
HH
JX
QP
XA
ss
MK
620
636
646
656
666
676
686
698
798
716
726
736
746
750
760
778
780
798
800
816
826
830
846
850
866
876
880
890
908
916
926
:GOTO119
IFFS="@"THEN670
V=@:FORX=1TOLEN (FS) :D=A
SC (MID$(FS,X,1)) :I1FD<48
ORD>57THEN65G
V=v+ (D-48) /STX
IFD<650RD>9GTHENNEXT: GO
T0674
V=V+(D-55) /STX:NEXT
IS=STRS (T) :FS=STRS (V) :F
$=MIDS$(FS$,2,LEN(F$)-1):
IFE=19THEN829
GOTO70G
IS=MID$(NS$,1,X-1) :FS=MI
DS (N$,X+1,LEN (NS) -X) :GO
TO516
IS=""zpgsun
A=T/E:DP=INT (E* (A-INT(A
))+.5) : IFDP<GORDP>9THEN
736
IS=CHRS (DP+48) +I$:GOTO7
4G
IS=CHRS (DP+55) +I$
T=INT (A) : IFT<>OTHEN716
X=1L:A=V*E
IFINT (A) <GORINT (A) >9THE
N78@
FS=FS+MIDS (STR$ (INT (A) )
,2,LEN(STRS(INT(A)))):G
0TO0799
F$=FS+CHRS (INT (A) +55)
V=A-INT (A) : IFV=GTHEN826
X=X+1:1FX<151THENA=V*E:
GOTO769
PS=FS+"..."
PRINT" {CLR}{2 DOWN}THE
{SPACE}BASE";S; "NUMBER
{SPACE}";NS;" Is"
IF E=1@ AND FS<>"@" THE
N PRINT"{2 DOWN}{RVS} "
71S;FS;" {OFF}{2 DOWN}"
IF E<>1@ OR FS="6" THEN
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {RVS} ";
IS;".";FS;" {OFF}
{2 DOWN}"
PRINT"WHEN EXPRESSED IN
BASE";E:GOTO11G
S=E:IF E=1@ AND FS<>"g"
THEN NS=IS+F$
IF E<>1@ OR FS="6" THEN
NS=IS+"."+FS
FS="":GOT
PRINT" {CLR}{2 DOWN}
{RVS}{7 SPACES}PRINTOUT
{SHIFT-SPACE}OF
{SHIFT-SPACE}THE
{ SHIFT-SPACE} RESULTS
{1@ SPACES} {OFF}"
PRINT" {3 DOWN}"
PRINT"BE SURE THAT THE
{SPACE}PRINTER IS SWITC
HED ON AND IS DEVICE #4
";GOSUB 986
OPEN3,4,7:PRINT#3, "THE
{SPACE}BASE";S; "NUMBER
{SPACE}";N$;" Is"
JK 930 IF E=19 AND FS$<>"@" THE
N PRINT#3,1S;FS
IF E<>16 OR FS="9" THEN
PRINT#3,IS;".";FS
PRINT#3,"WHEN EXPRESSED
IN BASE";E: PRINT#3,:CL
OSE3:GOTO119
REM MESSAGE CENTERING R
OUTINE
FOR MX=1 TO 29-LEN(MSS$)
/2:PRINTCHRS (32) ; :NEXT:
PRINTMS$: RETURN
PRINT" {HOME} {21 DOWN}
{YEL}"
MSS="PRESS ANY KEY TO C
ONTINUE":GOSUB 969
1966 GET AS:IF AS="" THEN 1
66a
1616 PRINT" {WHT}":RETURN
MF 949
DP 956
AS 968
KB 976
XX 986
JF 999
GE
BX
Bruce M. Bowden is a programmer at
COMPUTE.
QUICKSCREEN
By Danny English
Say goodbye to boring titles, text
screens, and menus. Quickscreen is a
short machine language program that's
easy to use and will add excitement to al-
most any 64 program. A simple SYS com-
mand can zoom text or character graph-
ics on and off the screen at the touch of
a key.
Getting Started
Quickscreen is written entirely in ma-
chine language. To enter it, use MLX,
our machine language entry program;
see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. When MLX prompts, respond
with the following addresses.
Starting address: COOO
Ending address: C3B7
Be sure to save a copy of the program
before you exit MLX. Load the program
with the ,8,1 extension, type NEW and
then use the SYS commands that are
listed below.
Quick Demo is a demonstration pro-
gram that will give you a better idea of
what Quickscreen can do and how to
use it in your own BASIC programs. It
is written in BASIC. To help avoid typ-
ing errors, enter it with The Automatic
Proofreader; again see “Typing Aids.”
Save the demo on the same disk that
Quickscreen is on because the demo
loads and runs the main program. The
demo also shows you how to load
Quickscreen into your own BASIC pro-
grams as they run.
Using the Program
To use Quickscreen in your programs,
refer to the table of commands printed
below. As you start to program a title
screen, for instance, first hide the
screen with SYS 49152,7. This pre-
vents any images from appearing on-
screen until you're ready.
Next, create your title screen, menu,
or text screen, using POKEs or PRINT
statements as you normally would.
Then store the screen to the Quick-
screen buffer (SYS 49152,0). The next
steps are to clear the screen and then
to return the screen to normal with SYS
49152,8. Your screen is now ready to
animate. .
You have three methods (like those
found in commercial programs) of scroll-
ing text onto the screen. When it is
time to clear the screen, a call to anoth-
er command will scroll the screen out.
Be aware that the buffer will be
cleared as you clear the screen.
Ideas
As you use Quickscreen, you'll find doz-
ens of other uses for it. In addition to giv-
ing your title screens a professional
look, you can also use Quickscreen in
adventure games to scroll text in and
out. Creating a custom character slide
show would be a cinch with Quick-
screen. The commands that scroll the
screen out can be used to clear any
screen. You can also use Quickscreen
commands in direct mode.
SYS Command Function
SYS 49152,0 Store screen in
buffer
SYS 49152,1 Scroll in 1
SYS 49152,2 Scroll out 1
SYS 49152,3 Scroll in 2
SYS 49152,4 Scroll out 2
SYS 49152,5 Scroll in 3
SYS 49152,6 Scroll out 3
SYS 49152,7 Hide screen
SYS 49152,8 Return screen
QUICKSCREEN
CG69G:26 9B B7 8A C9 GG FG 2D 75
C@68:C9 Gl FO 2C C9 G2 FG 2B F2
CG1G:C9 G63 FO 2A C9 G4 FG 29 61
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-37
PROGRAMS
C818:C9
C826:C9
C628:60
CO36:1B
C@38:4C
CG48:C2
CA4B2A7
CG56:1E
CG58:A5
C676:40
CO78:85
CO8G:A5
CO88:FF
C696:CG
CO98:FE
COAG: 60
CHAB:F9
COBG:FB
C@B8:FD
C116: 28
C118:C9
C146:86
C148:B1l
CL56:F3
C158:D6
C16G:66
C168:F9
C176:FB
C178:FD
C186:FF
C188:FC
C196:20
C198:E8
C1AG: 96
C1A8:96
C1BG:DA
C1B8:DA
C1C0:06
C1C8:FE
C1D@:Cl
C1D8:FA
C1E@:18
C1E8:96
C1lFO:85
C1F8:A5
C266:FD
C268:69
C216:85
C218:85
C226:A5
C228:FB
C236:E9
C238:85
C246:FE
G-38
cg
(Ch)
11
66
EA
4c
co
69
85
FC
4c
FA
69
28
FF
FA
ca
98
co
98
ce
85
85
85
85
Bl
c8
AS
cg
AG
91
13
AS
AG
AG
AG
AG
Bl
c8
AS
co
96
BS
96
B8
F8
co
FB
C1)
F8
PFA
FC
PE
FA
De
o7
E2
F8
FA
69
28
FD
AS
F8
E9
28
FB
AS
38
CT)
G6
68
De
4c
c2
57
ce
28
F9
AS
4D
18
oo
85
CA
91
28
84
84
84
84
F8
F9
FD
FF
F8
ce
FB
oo
Ci)
FE
c2
FA
28
oo
28
90
F8
ca
FB
B8
84
84
84
84
91
28
co
De
86
86
86
86
Bl
F3
De
6a
AS
18
Ur)
85
AS
FF
38
oo
85
AS
FD
E9
85
COMPUTE JUNE 1993
CF
GE
53
59
9B
4P
B8
DA
B4
89
8D
7P
42
29
EF
77
66
35
4P
BS
G4
AS
Fl
37
DB
@7
OF
B7
54
SD
F3
47
ey.
61
6B
83
6D
AA
76
83
98
76
96
F6
45
FC
97
7B
Al
16
2D
BB
cD
13
GE
AD
4E
E3
9A
BC
ih}
D3
EC
63
47
cr
27
2E
E3
c3
91
18
ao
C248:28
C250:FA
C258:69
FA
ll
FA
69
85
AS
c8
6G
69
85
aS
93
CF
06
4D
Fl
84
56
97
D4
D4
DF
5¢
C278:69
C284:61
C288:FF
C296:F8
C298:AG
C2AG:A9
C2A8:G1
C2BG:FB
C2B8:FA
C2C6:26
43
FC
C2F6:4C
C2F8:A2
FF
8c
4c
AG
ag
oo
E9
EB
46
8E
C346:26
C348:4A
C350:6C
C358:93
C360:
C368:AG
C370:AE
C378:C6
C386:4A
C388:EE
C396:DG
C398:CO
C3AG:A2
C3A8:96
C3BG:CO
FL
86
74
BB
1c
EA
42
@1
F6
4a
26
CF
6G
4A
co
26
4A
Ci)
QUICK DEMO
PK 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1993 - COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
IF PEEK(49152) <> 32 THE
N LOAD"QUICKSCREEN",8,1
D$="{HOME}{24 DOWN}":AS=
WRK RK KKK RAK KK RK KK KR RK
RR RIOR RK a RK RK HOME}
POKE53286,@:POKE53281,6
PRINT"{CLR}":FOR X=@ TO
{SPACE}25@:NEXT X
PRINT"{4 DOWN} {YEL}"SPC(
14) "{RVS}QUICKSCREEN!
{OFF}"
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {CYN}
{5 SPACES}BORING TEXT DI
SPLAYS COME ALIVE!"
PRINT" {DOWN} {3}
{5 SPACES}CHARACTER GRAP
HIC DISPLAYS ZOOM!"
ES 16
AS 26
EG
DC
KC
BK 68
SA 78
MQ
DI
XE
PD
86
96
198
116
126
136
148
158
166
176
186
190
286
216
226
236
246
256
260
279
286
296
368
316
326
336
346
356
366
376
386
396
406
41g
PRINT" {3 DOWN} {WHT}"SPC(
14)"{RVS}SELECT DEMO:
{OFF}"
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {6}"SPC(5
"1) DEMO # 1 {GRN}- SCRE
EN ROLL IN"
PRINT" {DOWN} {6}"SPC(5)"
2) DEMO # 2 (GRN}- SCRE
EN SPLIT"
PRINT" {DOWN} {6}"SPC(5)"
3) DEMO # 3 {GRN}- SCRE
EN MERGE"
GET KS$:IF KS$="1"THEN 31
()
IF K$="
IF KS
GOTO129
REM ** DRAW & STORE SCR
EEN **
SYS 49152,7:
REEN OFF
PRINT" {CYN} {CLR} "AS;DS;
AS
FOR X=10624 TO 1984 STEP
40:POKE X,42:NEXT
FOR X=1063 TO 2623 STEP
40:POKE X,42:NEXT
PRINT" {HOME} {4 DOWN}"SP
C (12) "{3}{RVS}QUICKSCRE
EN DEMO"
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {WHT}"SPC
(6)"A QUICK SYS COMMAND
MOVES THE"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}"SPC(12)"
SCREEN IN OR OUT."
PRINT"{4 DOWN} {YEL}
{4 RIGHT}CAN BE USED IN
BASIC OR MACHINE"
PRINT"{2 DOWN}"SPC(12)"
LANGUAGE PROGRAMS."
PRINT"{2 DOWN}{PUR}"SPC
(9)"{RVS}{DOWN} PRESS A
KEY CONTINUE {HOME}"
SYS 49152,0: REM *** ST
ORE SCREEN
PRINT"{CLR}":{4 SPACES}
REM *** CLEAR SCREEN
SYS 49152,8: REM *** SC
REEN ON
RETURN
REM ** DEMO # 1 **
GOSUB 166: REM *** DRAW
& STORE SCR
SYS 49152,1:
VE IN #1
GET K$:IFKS$=""THEN 340
SYS 49152,2: REM *** MO
VE ouT # 1
GOTO 46
REM ** DEMO # 2 **
GOSUB 160: REM *** DRAW
& STORE SCR
SYS 49152,3:
VE IN # 2
GET K$:IFKS=""THEN 466
SYS 49152,4: REM *** MO
VE OUT # 2
“THEN 378
3"THEN 436
REM *** SC
REM *** MO
REM *** MO
JS 426
CG 436
GR 4408
GOTO 46
REM ** DEMO # 3 **
GOSUB 160: REM *** DRAW
& STORE SCR
SYS 49152,5:
VE IN # 3
FF 456 REM *** MO
KB 460 GET K$:IFKS=""THEN 460
MP 476 SYS 49152,6: REM *** MO
VE OUT # 3
BC 486 GOTO 49
Danny English is the author of Power-
sprite (March 1993). He lives in More-
no Valley, California.
ALTKEY
By Ron Loughran
The programmable function keys on the
128 are a great convenience. | liked
them so much | wanted more of them.
AltKey is the result.
The program uses the 128's Alt (Alter-
nate) key in combination with any alpha-
numeric key (A-Z and 0-9) or other un-
shifted key, such as the comma, period,
or semicolon. With them you can print any-
thing, up to 16 characters in length, that
you've assigned to that key. A few keys
cannot be programmed. These include
the space, the back and up arrows, the
At key (@), and the British pound key.
AltKey can be used to print com-
mands in immediate mode, to construct
a program line, or to help you while you're
working with the 128’s machine language
monitor. When you call up a defined key,
it's only necessary to press Return to ex-
ecute any command or series of com-
mands assigned to that key. AltKey
works on the 128 in 40-column mode.
Typing It In
AltKey consists of three machine lan-
guage programs that must be entered
with MLX, our machine language entry
program. See “Typing Aids" elsewhere
in this section. For the first program,
when MLX prompts, respond with the
following values.
Starting address: 0C00
Ending address: OC8F
When you've finished typing, be sure
to save the program to disk with the file-
name PREP before you exit MLX.
For the second program, Juker,
when MLX prompts, respond with the
values printed below.
Starting address: 1620
Ending address: 1677
When you've finished typing this pro-
gram, save it to disk with the filename
JUKER.ML.
For the third program, AltKey, when
MLX prompts, respond with the values
printed below.
Starting address: FA29
Ending address: FBOO
When you've finished typing, be sure
to save this program to disk with the file-
name ALTKEY.ML.
The first program, Prep, prepares
the area of memory where the key da-
ta will be stored by filling it with zeros.
It then identifies the memory used for
each key, marks the keys that aren't avail-
able, and installs data that is used for
saves. Prep’s 140 bytes save you from
entering more than 800 bytes.
Preparing Disks
When you first run AltKkey, BLOAD all
three programs and activate Prep by
typing SYS 3072. Then put in a disk on
which you want the finished AltKey pro-
gram to reside. Type SYS 5725 to turn
on AltKey. Enter the machine language
monitor by pressing f8. If your function
keys have been redefined, type MON-
ITOR and press Return.
Move the cursor to a clear area of
the screen at least five lines above the
bottom, hold down the Alt key and si-
multaneously press the At key (@). Two
lines will appear onscreen. Move the
cursor down to the line that reads
S“ALTKEY.ML" 8 FA29 FE2A and
press Return. Move the cursor back to
that same line and change it to read
S“JUKER.ML" 8 1620 1674 and press
Return.
This saves copies of Altkey and
Juker to your work disk. Whenever you
want to put AltKey on another disk, use
this method, but don't use Prep. Prep
will erase any key definitions that you
may have entered.
Using AltKey
BLOAD both JUKER.ML and
ALTKEY.ML and type SYS 5725 to
start the program; SYS 5779 to exit.
To assign characters to a key, type
the desired key at the left margin fol-
lowed immediately by up to 16 charac-
ters of whatever you want that key to
type. Mark the end of your text with a
back-arrow key (€). Then hold down
the Alt key and simultaneously press
the back-arrow key. For example, type
in the following line with four spaces be-
tween the quotation marks. Remember
to hold down the Alt key while pressing
the second (<)key.
D?DEC(“ "\ee
This will define the D key to print code
for converting a four-digit hexadecimal
number into its decimal equivalent.
Move the cursor anywhere on the
screen, hold down the Alt key, and si-
multaneously press the D key. You
should see the following line onscreen.
?DEC(“ ))}
Enter a hex address between the quo-
tation marks—C000 for example—and
then press Return. The 128 will print
the decimal location, which in this ex-
ample is 49152. You could have used
the word PRINT instead of the question
mark shorthand symbol, but it would
have used more of your 16 characters.
What's Been Defined?
After you’ve defined a number of
keys, it may be difficult to remember
which keys do what. Hold down Alt
and press the up-arrow key (T) to see
a list of all the available keys and their
definitions.
To save your defined keys, enter the
ML monitor and remember to scroll the
screen so that the cursor is at least
five lines above the bottom of the
screen. Then use the At key (@) as
above. You'll see @,SO:ALTKEY.ML on
the screen. Then, without moving the
cursor, press Return. After the
SCRATCHED FILE message appears,
press Return again to save the new ver-
sion of AltKey. Then, whenever you
load AltKey in the future, you'll have
those defined keys ready for use.
Caveats
AltKey doesn’t use the Kernal. It writes
directly to the screen, so at times the
first character will appear in reverse vid-
eo. This is cosmetic only and doesn't af-
fect anything. If whatever prints wraps
JUNE 1993 COMPUTE G-39
PROGRAMS
to the next line, that line will not be
linked. Move the cursor until it wraps to
a new line and then use AltKey.
PREP
@CGG:A2 2A AQ FB 85 FC A9 @B 5C
9C08:85 FB AG GG AD GA 91 FB 62
GC14:C8 C@ GF DB FO BA 91 FR C4
@C18:18 A9 16 65 FB 85 FB 96 7D
@C20:62 E6 FC E8 EG 3C FG 18 13
6C28:E0 3E FO 14 EG 3F FG 16 95
@C3G:EG 46 FO G8 EG 5B DB D2 5G
0C38:A9 67 D@ G6 AD 8G DG 2 6C
9C40:A9 59 86 FA A@ GO AA BD 1C
0C48:60 GC 91 FB FO G4 CB EB 67
@C50:D9 FS A6 FA E@ SB DG BE IF
9C58:60 OE OF 14 2G G1 16 G1 79
9C6G:89 BC G1 G2 BC G5 BB 13 C7
@C68:22 G1 GC 14 GB G5 19 2E 61
GC76:8D GC 22 26 38 28 B6 G1 A7
0C78:32 39 26 G6 65 32 39 OO BF
@C8G:26 2C 13 36 3A G1 BC 14 1B
9C88:0B G5 19 2E GD BC BO OB 46
JUKER.ML
1626:E@ G8 FO G3 4C AD C6 AA SE
1628:8D G1 FF 4C 3D FA AG FE 36
1636:84 FE A9 16 2C AO 24 85 62
1638:FD 60 A9 G4 A2 GG 85 FC GE
1649:86 FB 6@ AS EG 85 FB AS CF
1648:E1 85 FC A5 EC 18 65 FB 4F
1656:85 FB 99 62 E6 FC 69 AOD G6
1658:C6 A@ AD DO G4 AD 16 AA 66
1666:28 A2 3C 78 9D 81 G3 98 E3
1668:9D G6 G3 58 64 26 DD @2 BA
1676:A8 91 EG 68 6G GG 3G BB 77
ALTKEY.ML
FA29:20 ES FA 26 43 16 AG 66 BD
FA31:Bl FD FO 87 91 FB C8 C@ DC
FA39:10 DO F5 66 EG 40 FG BE 28
FA41:E0 SE F@ 2A E@ SF FO 68 CE
PA49:20 29 FA 4C DD 62 20 43 38
FA51:16 A9 78 26 4D 16 20 2E FE
FA59:16 20 2F FA 98 26 4D 16 ED
PA61:26 35 16 26 2F FA A2 40 64
FA69:20 29 FA 4C 6D 16 28 3A 1c
FA71:16 A2 29 86 FA A@ GG E6 EO
FA79:FA AS FA C9 5B F@ CC C9 54
PA81:40 FO F2 98 G2 ED 46 91 O5
FA89:FB 26 AA FA A6 FA AQ G2 G1
FA91:20 4D 16 26 E5 FA 26 2F 3A
FA99:FA C@ 12 BO G5 20 AB FA 85
FAA1:D@ F7 AO 12 26 4D 16 DG 87
FAA9:CC C8 AQ 26 91 FB C8 66 DD
FAB1:AG 60 Bl EG F@ 95 C9 3E EB
FAB9:B9 91 C9 2A BH G6 C9 1B 94
FAC1:B@ 89 69 4G 26 E6 FA A5 DB
FAC9:FD D@ G2 C6 FE C6 FD C8 77
FAD1:C@ 11 FO E@ Bl EG C9 1F 5C
FAD9:FG@ G6 91 FD DG Fl FG D4 ED
FAE1:A9 G8 F@ F6 8A 38 EO 2A 6D
FAE9:8A GA 85 FD AQ 6G 85 FE 4F
FAF1:66 FD 26 FE 66 FD 26 FE 92
FAF9:A9 FB 65 FE 85 FE 68 @6 49
Ron Loughran lives in Flemington,
West Virginia. a)
G-40 COMPUTE JUNE 1993
TYPING AIDS
MLX, our machine language entry pro-
gram for the 64 and 128, and The
Automatic Proofreader are utilities
that help you type in Gazette pro-
grams without making mistakes. To
make room for more programs, we no
longer include these labor-saving util-
ities in every issue, but they can be
found on each Gazette Disk and are
printed in all issues of Gazette
through June 1990.
If you don't have access to a
back issue or to one of our disks,
write to us, and we'll send you free
printed copies of both of these handy
programs for you to type in. We'll al-
so include instructions on how to
type in Gazette programs. Please en-
close a self-addressed, stamped en-
velope. Send a self-addressed disk
mailer with appropriate postage to re-
ceive these programs on disk.
Write to Typing Aids, COM-
PUTE's Gazette, 324 West Wendover
Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro,
North Carolina 27408.
ATTENTION
WRITERS
PROGRAMMERS
Gazette wants to purchase and
publish your utilities, applications,
games, educational programs,
and tutorial articles. If you've cre-
ated a program that you think oth-
er readers might enjoy or find use-
ful, send it and the documentation
on disk to
Gazette Submissions Reviewer
COMPUTE Publications
324 W. Wendover, Ste. 200
Greensboro, NC 27408
Please enclose an SASE if you
want to have your materials re-
turned.
ONLY ON DISK
Here are bonus programs that you'll
find only on this month's Gazette
Disk.
Video Tape Supervisor
By Tom Rich
Austin, TX
Video Tape Supervisor is a great da-
tabase program for the film buff who
has a large video library. With VTS
you can inventory and organize your
videotapes. Use it to display movies
alphabetically; by tape number; or by
category, such as adventure, come-
dy, Western, drama, and so on. Cre-
ate your own specialized film lists, lo-
cate the tape on which a film is record-
ed, and track data for up to 200 tapes
and 450 movies.
Stock Holdings
By William F. Rose
Wantagh, NY
A few months ago Gazette called for
useful applications to use with COM-
PUTE's SpeedCalc spreadsheet.
Stock Holdings is a template that Wil-
liam Rose has used for more than
five years to track his stock portfolio,
Stock Holdings tracks the dollar value
of each stock and calculates the total
value of all holdings for each week dur-
ing a year. The template can be eas-
ily edited to suit your own portfolio.
Screen Gems
Henning Vahlenkamp
Matawan, NJ
These graphical programs for the 128
appeared in a tutorial in last month's
Gazette, but several readers asked to
have these BASIC 7.0 gems on disk.
Here they are for your convenience.
You can have these program and all
the others that appear in this issue by
ordering the June Gazette Disk. The
price is $9.95 plus $2.00 shipping
and handling. Send your order to Ga-
zette Disk, COMPUTE Publications,
324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite
200, Greensboro, North Carolina
27408.
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11